blockchain-core/core/src/block.rs

use chrono::{DateTime, Utc};
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use sha2::{Digest, Sha256};

use crate::transaction::Transaction;

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct BlockHeader {
    pub index: u64,
    pub timestamp: DateTime<Utc>,
    pub previous_hash: String,
    pub hash: String,
    pub nonce: u64,
    pub difficulty: u32,
}

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct Block {
    pub header: BlockHeader,
    pub transactions: Vec<Transaction>,
}

impl Block {
    /// Create a new block (hash is computed, nonce is 0 until mined).
    pub fn new(index: u64, previous_hash: String, transactions: Vec<Transaction>, difficulty: u32) -> Self {
        let mut block = Block {
            header: BlockHeader {
                index,
                timestamp: Utc::now(),
                previous_hash,
                hash: String::new(),
                nonce: 0,
                difficulty,
            },
            transactions,
        };
        block.header.hash = block.calculate_hash();
        block
    }

    /// Create the genesis block.
    pub fn genesis() -> Self {
        Block::new(0, crate::config::GENESIS_PREV_HASH.to_string(), vec![], crate::config::INITIAL_DIFFICULTY)
    }

    /// Calculate SHA-256 hash of the block.
    pub fn calculate_hash(&self) -> String {
        let data = format!(
            "{}{}{}{}{}",
            self.header.index,
            self.header.timestamp.timestamp_millis(),
            self.header.previous_hash,
            self.header.nonce,
            serde_json::to_string(&self.transactions).unwrap_or_default(),
        );
        let mut hasher = Sha256::new();
        hasher.update(data.as_bytes());
        hex::encode(hasher.finalize())
    }

    /// Check if the block hash satisfies the difficulty target.
    pub fn hash_meets_difficulty(&self) -> bool {
        let prefix = "0".repeat(self.header.difficulty as usize);
        self.header.hash.starts_with(&prefix)
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;

    #[test]
    fn test_genesis_block() {
        let genesis = Block::genesis();
        assert_eq!(genesis.header.index, 0);
        assert!(genesis.transactions.is_empty());
        assert!(!genesis.header.hash.is_empty());
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_calculate_hash_deterministic() {
        let block = Block::genesis();
        let hash1 = block.calculate_hash();
        let hash2 = block.calculate_hash();
        assert_eq!(hash1, hash2);
    }

    #[test]
    fn test_hash_is_hex_64_chars() {
        let block = Block::genesis();
        assert_eq!(block.header.hash.len(), 64);
        assert!(block.header.hash.chars().all(|c| c.is_ascii_hexdigit()));
    }
}