{
  "id": "ledu-chapter1",
  "book_id": "ledu",
  "name": "民以食为天 (Food is Heaven for the People)",
  "description": "Introduction to Chinese food culture, dining etiquette, and dietary vocabulary. Explores the importance of food in Chinese culture and regional taste preferences.",
  "difficulty": "intermediate",
  "language": "zh-CN",
  "chapter_number": "1",
  "metadata": {
    "version": "1.0",
    "created": "2025-10-14",
    "updated": "2025-10-14",
    "source": "LEDU Textbook - Jiaotong University",
    "target_level": "intermediate",
    "estimated_hours": 10,
    "prerequisites": ["hsk-3"],
    "learning_objectives": [
      "Master 45+ food and dining vocabulary terms",
      "Understand Chinese dining etiquette and table manners",
      "Learn about regional taste differences in China",
      "Practice character inference from radicals",
      "Develop reading comprehension skills with authentic texts"
    ],
    "content_tags": ["food", "culture", "etiquette", "regional-cuisine", "chinese-culture"],
    "completion_criteria": {
      "vocabulary_mastery": 90,
      "comprehension_score": 80,
      "exercises_completed": 15
    }
  },
  "vocabulary": {
    "食": {
      "pronunciation": "shí",
      "type": "morpheme",
      "user_language": "food, to eat",
      "examples": ["饮食", "甜食", "肉食", "食堂"],
      "notes": "Pictographic character representing food in a container. Usually used as morpheme."
    },
    "重": {
      "pronunciation": "zhòng",
      "type": "adjective/verb",
      "user_language": "heavy; important; to attach importance to",
      "examples": ["体重", "严重", "重要", "敬重"]
    },
    "嘴": {
      "pronunciation": "zuǐ",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "mouth",
      "examples": ["一张嘴", "张开嘴", "烫嘴"]
    },
    "脑": {
      "pronunciation": "nǎo",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "brain",
      "examples": ["大脑", "脑子"]
    },
    "重视": {
      "pronunciation": "zhòngshì",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "to attach importance to, to value",
      "examples": ["重视健康", "重视学习", "对…很/不重视"]
    },
    "营养": {
      "pronunciation": "yíngyǎng",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "nutrition",
      "examples": ["有营养", "营养丰富"]
    },
    "文化": {
      "pronunciation": "wénhuà",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "culture",
      "examples": ["饮食文化", "传统文化"]
    },
    "丰富": {
      "pronunciation": "fēngfù",
      "type": "adjective/verb",
      "user_language": "rich, abundant; to enrich",
      "examples": ["营养丰富", "丰富生活"]
    },
    "味道": {
      "pronunciation": "wèidao",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "taste, flavor",
      "examples": ["味道鲜美", "品尝味道"]
    },
    "麻辣烫": {
      "pronunciation": "málàtàng",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "spicy hot pot"
    },
    "麻婆豆腐": {
      "pronunciation": "mápó dòufu",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "Mapo tofu (tofu in spicy sauce)"
    },
    "适合": {
      "pronunciation": "shìhé",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "to suit, to be suitable for",
      "examples": ["这种颜色不适合我", "他很适合做这个工作"]
    },
    "满": {
      "pronunciation": "mǎn",
      "type": "adjective",
      "user_language": "full, complete",
      "examples": ["满桌", "坐满", "满心欢喜"]
    },
    "四川": {
      "pronunciation": "Sichuān",
      "type": "proper noun",
      "user_language": "Sichuan (province of China)"
    },
    "历史": {
      "pronunciation": "lishǐ",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "history"
    },
    "规矩": {
      "pronunciation": "guīju",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "rule, norm, convention"
    },
    "安排": {
      "pronunciation": "ānpái",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "to arrange, to organize"
    },
    "敲": {
      "pronunciation": "qiāo",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "to knock, to tap"
    },
    "竖": {
      "pronunciation": "shù",
      "type": "adjective",
      "user_language": "vertical, upright"
    },
    "礼貌": {
      "pronunciation": "lǐmào",
      "type": "adjective",
      "user_language": "polite, courteous"
    },
    "倒": {
      "pronunciation": "dào",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "to pour"
    },
    "尊重": {
      "pronunciation": "zūnzhòng",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "to respect, to esteem"
    },
    "敬酒": {
      "pronunciation": "jìng jiǔ",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "to propose a toast"
    },
    "但": {
      "pronunciation": "dàn",
      "type": "conjunction",
      "user_language": "but (written language)",
      "examples": ["这家饭馆不大，但很有名", "这份工作比较辛苦，但我很喜欢"],
      "notes": "Written Chinese, same as 但是"
    },
    "时": {
      "pronunciation": "shí",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "time, moment (written language)",
      "examples": ["他看书时喜欢听音乐", "工作时他很认真"],
      "notes": "Written Chinese, means '……的时候'"
    },
    "讲究": {
      "pronunciation": "jiǎngju",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "to be particular about, to pay attention to"
    },
    "色": {
      "pronunciation": "sè",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "color"
    },
    "香": {
      "pronunciation": "xiāng",
      "type": "adjective",
      "user_language": "fragrant, aromatic"
    },
    "形": {
      "pronunciation": "xíng",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "shape, form"
    },
    "意": {
      "pronunciation": "yì",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "meaning, significance"
    },
    "颜色": {
      "pronunciation": "yánsè",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "color"
    },
    "漂亮": {
      "pronunciation": "piàoliang",
      "type": "adjective",
      "user_language": "beautiful, pretty"
    },
    "口感": {
      "pronunciation": "kǒugǎn",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "taste, mouthfeel"
    },
    "样子": {
      "pronunciation": "yàngzi",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "appearance, look"
    },
    "意义": {
      "pronunciation": "yìyì",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "meaning, significance"
    },
    "以前": {
      "pronunciation": "yǐqián",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "before, previously"
    },
    "甜": {
      "pronunciation": "tián",
      "type": "adjective",
      "user_language": "sweet"
    },
    "咸": {
      "pronunciation": "xián",
      "type": "adjective",
      "user_language": "salty"
    },
    "辣": {
      "pronunciation": "là",
      "type": "adjective",
      "user_language": "spicy"
    },
    "酸": {
      "pronunciation": "suān",
      "type": "adjective",
      "user_language": "sour"
    },
    "各地": {
      "pronunciation": "gèdì",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "various places, everywhere"
    },
    "爱上": {
      "pronunciation": "àishang",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "to fall in love with"
    },
    "辣椒": {
      "pronunciation": "làjiāo",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "chili pepper"
    },
    "离不开": {
      "pronunciation": "lí bu kāi",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "can't do without"
    },
    "麻": {
      "pronunciation": "má",
      "type": "adjective",
      "user_language": "numbing (Sichuan pepper sensation)"
    },
    "最爱": {
      "pronunciation": "zuì'ài",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "favorite"
    },
    "火锅": {
      "pronunciation": "huǒguō",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "hot pot"
    },
    "口味": {
      "pronunciation": "kǒuwèi",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "taste preference"
    },
    "温暖": {
      "pronunciation": "wēnnuǎn",
      "type": "adjective",
      "user_language": "warm"
    },
    "快乐": {
      "pronunciation": "kuàilè",
      "type": "adjective",
      "user_language": "happy"
    },
    "食欲": {
      "pronunciation": "shíyù",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "appetite"
    },
    "喜爱": {
      "pronunciation": "xǐ'ài",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "to like, to love"
    },
    "古人": {
      "pronunciation": "gǔrén",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "ancient people, ancestors"
    },
    "事情": {
      "pronunciation": "shìqing",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "matter, thing, affair"
    },
    "年长": {
      "pronunciation": "niánzhǎng",
      "type": "adjective",
      "user_language": "elderly, senior"
    },
    "入座": {
      "pronunciation": "rùzuò",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "to take a seat"
    },
    "主人": {
      "pronunciation": "zhǔrén",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "host"
    },
    "动筷子": {
      "pronunciation": "dòng kuàizi",
      "type": "verb phrase",
      "user_language": "to start eating (lit. move chopsticks)"
    },
    "品尝": {
      "pronunciation": "pǐncháng",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "to taste"
    },
    "夹菜": {
      "pronunciation": "jiācài",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "to pick up food with chopsticks"
    },
    "盘子": {
      "pronunciation": "pánzi",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "plate"
    },
    "热情": {
      "pronunciation": "rèqíng",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "enthusiasm, warmth"
    },
    "碗": {
      "pronunciation": "wǎn",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "bowl"
    },
    "插": {
      "pronunciation": "chā",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "to insert, to stick in"
    },
    "米饭": {
      "pronunciation": "mǐfàn",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "rice"
    },
    "同样": {
      "pronunciation": "tóngyàng",
      "type": "adverb",
      "user_language": "likewise, similarly"
    },
    "长辈": {
      "pronunciation": "zhǎngbèi",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "elder, senior"
    },
    "烫手": {
      "pronunciation": "tàng shǒu",
      "type": "verb phrase",
      "user_language": "to burn one's hand"
    },
    "酒": {
      "pronunciation": "jiǔ",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "alcohol, wine"
    },
    "友情": {
      "pronunciation": "yǒuqíng",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "friendship"
    },
    "双手": {
      "pronunciation": "shuāngshǒu",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "both hands"
    },
    "杯子": {
      "pronunciation": "bēizi",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "cup, glass"
    },
    "对方": {
      "pronunciation": "duìfāng",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "the other party"
    },
    "吃饱": {
      "pronunciation": "chī bǎo",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "to eat one's fill"
    },
    "感谢": {
      "pronunciation": "gǎnxiè",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "to thank"
    }
  },
  "grammar": {
    "因此-therefore": {
      "title": "……，因此…… - therefore, consequently",
      "pattern": "Cause/Reason + 因此 + Result/Consequence",
      "explanation": "Used to express cause and effect relationship. More formal than 所以.",
      "examples": [
        {
          "chinese": "这家饭馆很有特色，因此生意特别火。",
          "pronunciation": "Zhè jiā fànguǎn hěn yǒu tèsè, yīncǐ shēngyì tèbié huǒ.",
          "translation": "This restaurant has specialties, therefore the business is very good."
        },
        {
          "chinese": "这个牌子的饮料口感很好，因此很受年轻人欢迎。",
          "pronunciation": "Zhège páizi de yǐnliào kǒugǎn hěn hǎo, yīncǐ hěn shòu niánqīngrén huānyíng.",
          "translation": "This brand of beverage has a good taste, therefore it's very popular among young people."
        }
      ]
    },
    "但-written": {
      "title": "但 (dàn) - but (written language)",
      "explanation": "Used in written Chinese to mean '但是' (but). More formal and concise.",
      "examples": [
        {
          "chinese": "这家饭馆不大，但很有名。",
          "pronunciation": "Zhè jiā fànguǎn bù dà, dàn hěn yǒumíng.",
          "translation": "This restaurant is not big, but it's very famous."
        }
      ]
    },
    "时-written": {
      "title": "时 (shí) - when, at the time of (written language)",
      "explanation": "Used in written Chinese to mean '……的时候' (when, at the time of).",
      "examples": [
        {
          "chinese": "他看书时喜欢听音乐。",
          "pronunciation": "Tā kàn shū shí xǐhuan tīng yīnyuè.",
          "translation": "When he reads, he likes listening to music."
        }
      ]
    }
  },
  "texts": [
    {
      "id": "main-text",
      "title": "中国人用"嘴"吃饭 (Chinese People Eat with Their 'Mouth')",
      "type": "main",
      "content": "有人说："外国人用'脑'吃饭，中国人用'嘴'吃饭。"外国人比较重视营养，吃什么、怎么吃首先想的是要有营养；中国人讲究菜要色、香、味、形、意都好。中华饮食文化非常丰富，一道菜要颜色漂亮、味道香、口感好、样子好看，还要有美好的意义。\n\n色、香、味、形、意中，味是第一位的。以前中国有句话说："南甜北咸，东辣西酸。"意思是各地的人们各有所爱。而现在有越来越多的人爱上了辣，可以说是无辣不欢。其实辣椒来到中国还不到400年，但现在很多年轻人已经离不开辣了。四川菜又麻又辣，是很多年轻人的最爱。川菜馆在很多地方都很受人们的欢迎，很多人都爱吃麻辣火锅、麻辣烫和麻婆豆腐。\n\n为什么辣更适合年轻人的口味呢？辣味儿能让人感到温暖和快乐，而且红红的辣椒看着就让人满心欢喜，很有食欲，因此更受年轻人喜爱。",
      "wordCount": 334,
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": "中国菜的特点是什么？",
          "type": "open",
          "answer": "色、香、味、形、意都好"
        },
        {
          "question": "现代中国年轻人最喜欢什么口味？原因是什么？",
          "type": "open",
          "answer": "辣。因为辣味能让人感到温暖和快乐，红辣椒让人满心欢喜，很有食欲"
        },
        {
          "question": "中国人认为，菜有没有营养没关系。",
          "type": "true_false",
          "answer": "错"
        },
        {
          "question": "很多年轻人特别喜欢吃川菜。",
          "type": "true_false",
          "answer": "对"
        },
        {
          "question": "辣椒最早产自中国。",
          "type": "true_false",
          "answer": "错"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "etiquette-text",
      "title": "中国人吃饭的规矩 (Chinese Dining Etiquette)",
      "type": "extensive",
      "content": "中国古人说："民以食为天。"对人们来说，吃饭是最重要的事情。中国有五千多年的历史，有丰富的饮食文化，吃饭时也就有了很多规矩，比如说：\n\n规矩一：很多人一起吃饭时，先请客人或者最年长的人入座，客人一般会等主人安排后再入座。\n\n规矩二：开始吃饭时，请客人或者最年长的人先动筷子；每上一道菜，都要请客人或者最年长的人先品尝。\n\n规矩三：有时主人会为客人夹菜，放在客人的盘子里，这是对客人的热情。\n\n规矩四：吃饭时不能用筷子敲碗、盘子；筷子也不可以竖着插在米饭里，这是不礼貌的。\n\n规矩五："食不言"，吃东西时不讲话；同样，看到别人嘴里有食物，也不要去跟人讲话。\n\n规矩六：年轻人为客人或者长辈倒茶、倒酒。\n\n规矩七：给人倒茶时，只倒七分满，还有三分是对客人的热情，而且也不会烫手；但倒酒时，一般要倒满，意思是满满的尊重和友情。\n\n规矩八：年轻人向年长的人敬酒时，一般双手拿杯子，杯子要拿得比对方低一点儿，这是对年长的人的尊重；看到别人正在夹菜，先不要敬酒。\n\n规矩九：慢慢地品尝每一道菜，如果菜只上了一半，客人就说吃饱了，这是不礼貌的；吃完饭以后，客人一般会向主人说几句感谢的话。",
      "wordCount": 466,
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": "最适合做本文标题的是：",
          "type": "multiple_choice",
          "options": ["A中国人吃饭的规矩", "B中国人怎么请客", "C中国的饮食文化", "D中国人的礼貌"],
          "correctAnswer": "A中国人吃饭的规矩"
        },
        {
          "question": ""民以食为天"的意思是：",
          "type": "multiple_choice",
          "options": ["A人们喜欢吃", "B人们觉得吃非常重要", "C人们每天要吃饭", "D为了吃，人们要每天工作"],
          "correctAnswer": "B人们觉得吃非常重要"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "exercises": [
    {
      "type": "character_inference",
      "title": "运用汉字知识推断字义 (Infer meaning from character components)",
      "description": "Use radical knowledge to infer the meaning of unfamiliar characters",
      "questions": [
        {
          "question": "菜刚做好，太烫了。",
          "options": ["A非常饿", "B非常热", "C非常好吃"],
          "correctAnswer": "B非常热",
          "hint": "烫 has the fire radical 火"
        },
        {
          "question": "这种苹果比较酸，再看看别的吧。",
          "options": ["A一种味道", "B一种颜色", "C一种吃的东西"],
          "correctAnswer": "A一种味道"
        },
        {
          "question": "这个电视节目介绍了糍粑的做法。",
          "options": ["A一种衣物", "B一种用的东西", "C一种吃的东西"],
          "correctAnswer": "C一种吃的东西",
          "hint": "糍粑 has the rice radical 米"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}
