{
  "id": "hanyu-chapter3",
  "book_id": "hanyu-jiaocheng",
  "name": "北京的四季 (Běijīng de Sìjì) - Four Seasons in Beijing",
  "description": "Exploration of Beijing's four seasons, weather patterns, and seasonal activities. Learn about Chinese perspectives on nature and seasonal changes.",
  "difficulty": "intermediate",
  "language": "zh-CN",
  "chapter_number": "3",
  "metadata": {
    "version": "1.0",
    "created": "2025-10-23",
    "updated": "2025-10-23",
    "source": "Hanyu Jiaocheng - Jiaotong University",
    "target_level": "intermediate",
    "estimated_hours": 12,
    "prerequisites": ["hanyu-chapter1", "hanyu-chapter2"],
    "learning_objectives": [
      "Master 40+ vocabulary terms related to seasons and weather",
      "Understand directional complements 上/下",
      "Learn the pattern 拿...来说 (take as example)",
      "Practice using 也许, 多么, and other adverbs",
      "Develop reading comprehension about Chinese culture and seasons"
    ],
    "content_tags": ["seasons", "weather", "beijing", "culture", "nature"],
    "completion_criteria": {
      "vocabulary_mastery": 85,
      "comprehension_score": 80,
      "exercises_completed": 20
    }
  },
  "vocabulary": {
    "首都": {
      "pronunciation": "shǒudū",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "capitale",
      "examples": [
        "首都北京",
        "中国的首都"
      ]
    },
    "季节": {
      "pronunciation": "jìjié",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "saison",
      "examples": [
        "四个季节",
        "春季、夏季、秋季、冬季"
      ]
    },
    "部分": {
      "pronunciation": "bùfen",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "partie, section",
      "examples": [
        "中国的大部分地区",
        "一部分人",
        "部分学校"
      ]
    },
    "地区": {
      "pronunciation": "dìqū",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "région, zone",
      "examples": [
        "北京地区",
        "这个地区很美"
      ]
    },
    "拿": {
      "pronunciation": "ná",
      "type": "preposition",
      "user_language": "utilisé pour introduire l'objet (prendre comme exemple)",
      "examples": [
        "就拿首都北京来说吧",
        "拿人们的生活水平来说"
      ],
      "notes": "Used in pattern: 拿 + noun + 来 + verb (说/看/讲/比较)"
    },
    "脱": {
      "pronunciation": "tuō",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "enlever, retirer (vêtements)",
      "examples": [
        "脱下冬衣",
        "脱下皮鞋"
      ]
    },
    "冬衣": {
      "pronunciation": "dōngyī",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "vêtements d'hiver",
      "examples": [
        "人们脱下冬衣"
      ]
    },
    "春装": {
      "pronunciation": "chūnzhuāng",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "vêtements de printemps",
      "examples": [
        "换上春装"
      ]
    },
    "姑娘": {
      "pronunciation": "gūniang",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "jeune fille",
      "examples": [
        "姑娘和小伙子们",
        "美丽的姑娘"
      ]
    },
    "湖": {
      "pronunciation": "hú",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "lac",
      "examples": [
        "在湖上划船",
        "西湖"
      ]
    },
    "划船": {
      "pronunciation": "huá chuán",
      "type": "verb phrase",
      "user_language": "ramer, faire du bateau",
      "examples": [
        "在湖上划船",
        "我们去划船吧"
      ]
    },
    "划": {
      "pronunciation": "huá",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "ramer",
      "examples": [
        "划船",
        "划桨"
      ]
    },
    "船": {
      "pronunciation": "chuán",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "bateau, navire",
      "examples": [
        "划船",
        "坐船"
      ]
    },
    "充满": {
      "pronunciation": "chōngmǎn",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "être rempli de, déborder de",
      "examples": [
        "充满了歌声和笑声",
        "充满信心",
        "充满希望"
      ]
    },
    "游人": {
      "pronunciation": "yóurén",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "visiteur, touriste",
      "examples": [
        "来自世界各地的游人",
        "游人很多"
      ]
    },
    "显得": {
      "pronunciation": "xiǎnde",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "sembler, paraître, avoir l'air",
      "examples": [
        "显得轻松而愉快",
        "显得很高兴",
        "显得多么年轻"
      ]
    },
    "轻松": {
      "pronunciation": "qīngsōng",
      "type": "adjective",
      "user_language": "détendu, relaxé",
      "examples": [
        "显得轻松而愉快",
        "轻松的心情"
      ]
    },
    "火锅儿": {
      "pronunciation": "huǒguōr",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "fondue chinoise, hot pot",
      "examples": [
        "吃火锅儿",
        "围坐在火锅儿旁边"
      ]
    },
    "围": {
      "pronunciation": "wéi",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "entourer, encercler",
      "examples": [
        "围坐在火锅儿旁边",
        "围着桌子坐"
      ]
    },
    "向往": {
      "pronunciation": "xiàngwǎng",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "aspirer à, désirer ardemment",
      "examples": [
        "让人羡慕和向往",
        "向往北京",
        "向往幸福生活"
      ]
    },
    "堆雪人儿": {
      "pronunciation": "duī xuěrénr",
      "type": "verb phrase",
      "user_language": "faire un bonhomme de neige",
      "examples": [
        "孩子们堆雪人儿"
      ]
    },
    "堆": {
      "pronunciation": "duī",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "empiler, entasser",
      "examples": [
        "堆雪人儿",
        "堆书"
      ]
    },
    "打雪仗": {
      "pronunciation": "dǎ xuězhàng",
      "type": "verb phrase",
      "user_language": "faire une bataille de boules de neige",
      "examples": [
        "打雪仗",
        "孩子们在打雪仗"
      ]
    },
    "打": {
      "pronunciation": "dǎ",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "frapper, battre, se battre",
      "examples": [
        "打雪仗",
        "打架"
      ]
    },
    "冻": {
      "pronunciation": "dòng",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "avoir très froid, geler",
      "examples": [
        "小脸和小手冻得红红的",
        "我冻得不行了"
      ]
    },
    "瑞雪兆丰年": {
      "pronunciation": "ruìxuě zhào fēngnián",
      "type": "idiom",
      "user_language": "une neige opportune présage une bonne récolte",
      "examples": [
        "北京人说：瑞雪兆丰年"
      ],
      "notes": "Proverbe chinois traditionnel"
    },
    "场": {
      "pronunciation": "cháng",
      "type": "measure word",
      "user_language": "classificateur pour événements, spectacles",
      "examples": [
        "下几场大雪",
        "一场电影"
      ]
    },
    "收成": {
      "pronunciation": "shōucheng",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "récolte, moisson",
      "examples": [
        "有好收成",
        "今年的收成不错"
      ]
    },
    "数": {
      "pronunciation": "shǔ",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "être considéré comme exceptionnellement (bon ou mauvais)",
      "examples": [
        "要数秋天了",
        "数他最高",
        "数得上"
      ]
    },
    "大街": {
      "pronunciation": "dàjiē",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "rue principale, grande rue",
      "examples": [
        "大街上到处是鲜花",
        "走在大街上"
      ]
    },
    "鲜花": {
      "pronunciation": "xiānhuā",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "fleur fraîche",
      "examples": [
        "到处是鲜花",
        "买鲜花"
      ]
    },
    "瓜": {
      "pronunciation": "guā",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "melon, courge",
      "examples": [
        "瓜果",
        "西瓜"
      ]
    },
    "果": {
      "pronunciation": "guǒ",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "fruit",
      "examples": [
        "瓜果",
        "水果"
      ]
    },
    "每": {
      "pronunciation": "měi",
      "type": "adverb",
      "user_language": "chaque",
      "examples": [
        "每到周末",
        "每天",
        "每个人"
      ]
    },
    "郊外": {
      "pronunciation": "jiāowài",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "banlieue, environs d'une ville",
      "examples": [
        "到郊外去玩儿",
        "郊外风景很美"
      ]
    },
    "美丽": {
      "pronunciation": "měilì",
      "type": "adjective",
      "user_language": "beau, magnifique",
      "examples": [
        "最美丽的景色",
        "美丽的城市",
        "美丽的姑娘"
      ]
    },
    "美": {
      "pronunciation": "měi",
      "type": "adjective",
      "user_language": "beau",
      "examples": [
        "最美的风光",
        "很美"
      ]
    },
    "景色": {
      "pronunciation": "jǐngsè",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "paysage, vue, scène",
      "examples": [
        "最美丽的景色",
        "美丽的景色",
        "山上的景色"
      ]
    },
    "如今": {
      "pronunciation": "rújīn",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "maintenant, aujourd'hui, actuellement",
      "examples": [
        "这个古老的国家如今显得多么年轻",
        "如今的生活"
      ]
    },
    "多么": {
      "pronunciation": "duōme",
      "type": "adverb",
      "user_language": "combien, comme c'est (exclamatif)",
      "examples": [
        "显得多么年轻",
        "多么热情",
        "多么美好"
      ],
      "notes": "Utilisé dans les phrases exclamatives"
    },
    "勤劳": {
      "pronunciation": "qínláo",
      "type": "adjective",
      "user_language": "travailleur, industrieux",
      "examples": [
        "勤劳善良的中国人",
        "勤劳的人民"
      ]
    },
    "善良": {
      "pronunciation": "shànliáng",
      "type": "adjective",
      "user_language": "bon, gentil, bienveillant",
      "examples": [
        "勤劳善良",
        "善良的人"
      ]
    },
    "热爱": {
      "pronunciation": "rè'ài",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "aimer profondément, chérir",
      "examples": [
        "热爱和平",
        "热爱工作",
        "热爱祖国"
      ],
      "notes": "Plus formel que 爱, utilisé pour patrie, paix, peuple"
    },
    "友好": {
      "pronunciation": "yǒuhǎo",
      "type": "adjective",
      "user_language": "amical, cordial",
      "examples": [
        "热情友好的人们",
        "友好相处"
      ]
    },
    "亲爱": {
      "pronunciation": "qīn'ài",
      "type": "adjective",
      "user_language": "cher, chéri",
      "examples": [
        "亲爱的朋友",
        "亲爱的同学们"
      ]
    },
    "愿": {
      "pronunciation": "yuàn",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "souhaiter, désirer",
      "examples": [
        "愿你们生活得平安快乐",
        "我愿意"
      ]
    },
    "平安": {
      "pronunciation": "píng'ān",
      "type": "adjective",
      "user_language": "sain et sauf, en sécurité",
      "examples": [
        "生活得平安快乐",
        "一路平安"
      ]
    },
    "树": {
      "pronunciation": "shù",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "arbre",
      "examples": [
        "树绿了",
        "种树",
        "大树"
      ]
    },
    "绿": {
      "pronunciation": "lǜ",
      "type": "adjective",
      "user_language": "vert",
      "examples": [
        "树绿了",
        "很绿",
        "绿色"
      ]
    },
    "花儿": {
      "pronunciation": "huār",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "fleur",
      "examples": [
        "花儿开了",
        "在花儿前照相"
      ]
    },
    "开": {
      "pronunciation": "kāi",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "s'ouvrir, fleurir; ouvrir; allumer",
      "examples": [
        "花儿开了",
        "开门",
        "暖气一开"
      ]
    },
    "天气": {
      "pronunciation": "tiānqì",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "météo, temps",
      "examples": [
        "天气暖和了",
        "天气热了",
        "天气不冷也不热"
      ]
    },
    "暖和": {
      "pronunciation": "nuǎnhuo",
      "type": "adjective",
      "user_language": "chaud (agréable), doux",
      "examples": [
        "天气暖和了",
        "屋子里很暖和",
        "穿着很暖和"
      ]
    },
    "打扮": {
      "pronunciation": "dǎban",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "se faire beau/belle, s'habiller",
      "examples": [
        "打扮得漂漂亮亮的",
        "好好打扮一下"
      ]
    },
    "照相": {
      "pronunciation": "zhàoxiàng",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "prendre des photos",
      "examples": [
        "在花儿前照相",
        "去外边照相"
      ]
    },
    "歌声": {
      "pronunciation": "gēshēng",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "chant, voix qui chante",
      "examples": [
        "年轻人的歌声和笑声",
        "听到歌声"
      ]
    },
    "笑声": {
      "pronunciation": "xiàoshēng",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "rires",
      "examples": [
        "歌声和笑声",
        "充满了笑声"
      ]
    },
    "游泳": {
      "pronunciation": "yóuyǒng",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "nager",
      "examples": [
        "去游泳",
        "喜欢游泳"
      ]
    },
    "散步": {
      "pronunciation": "sànbù",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "se promener",
      "examples": [
        "到外边散步",
        "散步的人",
        "吃完饭去散步"
      ]
    },
    "聊天儿": {
      "pronunciation": "liáo tiānr",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "bavarder, discuter",
      "examples": [
        "散步、聊天儿",
        "一边走一边聊"
      ]
    },
    "马路": {
      "pronunciation": "mǎlù",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "rue, route",
      "examples": [
        "马路边",
        "过马路"
      ]
    },
    "愉快": {
      "pronunciation": "yúkuài",
      "type": "adjective",
      "user_language": "joyeux, agréable",
      "examples": [
        "轻松而愉快",
        "很愉快"
      ]
    },
    "暖气": {
      "pronunciation": "nuǎnqì",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "chauffage",
      "examples": [
        "暖气一开",
        "开暖气"
      ]
    },
    "屋子": {
      "pronunciation": "wūzi",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "pièce, chambre, maison",
      "examples": [
        "屋子里很暖和",
        "进屋子"
      ]
    },
    "情景": {
      "pronunciation": "qíngjǐng",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "scène, tableau",
      "examples": [
        "这情景让人羡慕",
        "美好的情景"
      ]
    },
    "羡慕": {
      "pronunciation": "xiànmù",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "envier, admirer",
      "examples": [
        "让人羡慕和向往",
        "我真羡慕他"
      ]
    },
    "雪": {
      "pronunciation": "xuě",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "neige",
      "examples": [
        "下雪",
        "大雪",
        "雪景"
      ]
    },
    "下雪": {
      "pronunciation": "xià xuě",
      "type": "verb phrase",
      "user_language": "neiger",
      "examples": [
        "不常下雪",
        "下了雪",
        "下几场大雪"
      ]
    },
    "要是": {
      "pronunciation": "yàoshi",
      "type": "conjunction",
      "user_language": "si",
      "examples": [
        "要是下了雪",
        "要是你能去看看"
      ]
    },
    "过节": {
      "pronunciation": "guò jié",
      "type": "verb phrase",
      "user_language": "fêter, célébrer une fête",
      "examples": [
        "像过节一样高兴",
        "过春节"
      ]
    },
    "风光": {
      "pronunciation": "fēngguāng",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "paysage, panorama",
      "examples": [
        "最美的风光",
        "欣赏风光"
      ]
    },
    "雪景": {
      "pronunciation": "xuějǐng",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "paysage enneigé",
      "examples": [
        "最美的风光就是雪景",
        "看雪景"
      ]
    },
    "相机": {
      "pronunciation": "xiàngjī",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "appareil photo",
      "examples": [
        "带上相机",
        "用相机照相"
      ]
    },
    "雪地": {
      "pronunciation": "xuědì",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "terrain enneigé",
      "examples": [
        "在雪地上跑",
        "雪地里"
      ]
    },
    "脸": {
      "pronunciation": "liǎn",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "visage",
      "examples": [
        "小脸冻得红红的",
        "洗脸"
      ]
    },
    "手": {
      "pronunciation": "shǒu",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "main",
      "examples": [
        "小手冻得红红的",
        "洗手"
      ]
    },
    "红": {
      "pronunciation": "hóng",
      "type": "adjective",
      "user_language": "rouge",
      "examples": [
        "冻得红红的",
        "红叶",
        "红色"
      ]
    },
    "刮风": {
      "pronunciation": "guā fēng",
      "type": "verb phrase",
      "user_language": "le vent souffle",
      "examples": [
        "很少刮风",
        "刮大风"
      ]
    },
    "周末": {
      "pronunciation": "zhōumò",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "week-end",
      "examples": [
        "每到周末",
        "这个周末"
      ]
    },
    "满": {
      "pronunciation": "mǎn",
      "type": "adjective",
      "user_language": "plein",
      "examples": [
        "满山的红叶",
        "满街都是"
      ]
    },
    "山": {
      "pronunciation": "shān",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "montagne",
      "examples": [
        "满山的红叶",
        "爬山"
      ]
    },
    "红叶": {
      "pronunciation": "hóngyè",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "feuilles rouges (d'automne)",
      "examples": [
        "满山的红叶",
        "看红叶"
      ]
    },
    "爬": {
      "pronunciation": "pá",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "grimper, escalader",
      "examples": [
        "爬香山",
        "爬山"
      ]
    },
    "活动": {
      "pronunciation": "huódòng",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "activité",
      "examples": [
        "最喜欢的活动",
        "体育活动"
      ]
    },
    "放假": {
      "pronunciation": "fàng jià",
      "type": "verb phrase",
      "user_language": "être en vacances",
      "examples": [
        "放假期间",
        "国庆节放假"
      ]
    },
    "期间": {
      "pronunciation": "qījiān",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "période, durant",
      "examples": [
        "放假期间",
        "学习期间"
      ]
    },
    "正是": {
      "pronunciation": "zhèngshì",
      "type": "adverb",
      "user_language": "précisément, exactement",
      "examples": [
        "正是最美的时候",
        "正是这样"
      ]
    },
    "利用": {
      "pronunciation": "lìyòng",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "utiliser, profiter de",
      "examples": [
        "利用假期",
        "利用时间"
      ]
    },
    "假期": {
      "pronunciation": "jiàqī",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "vacances",
      "examples": [
        "利用假期",
        "暑假期间"
      ]
    },
    "旅游": {
      "pronunciation": "lǚyóu",
      "type": "verb",
      "user_language": "voyager, faire du tourisme",
      "examples": [
        "到北京来旅游",
        "去旅游"
      ]
    },
    "广场": {
      "pronunciation": "guǎngchǎng",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "place (publique)",
      "examples": [
        "天安门广场",
        "在广场上"
      ]
    },
    "古老": {
      "pronunciation": "gǔlǎo",
      "type": "adjective",
      "user_language": "ancien, antique",
      "examples": [
        "古老的国家",
        "古老的城市"
      ]
    },
    "国家": {
      "pronunciation": "guójiā",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "pays, nation",
      "examples": [
        "古老的国家",
        "世界各国"
      ]
    },
    "年轻": {
      "pronunciation": "niánqīng",
      "type": "adjective",
      "user_language": "jeune",
      "examples": [
        "显得多么年轻",
        "年轻人"
      ]
    },
    "和平": {
      "pronunciation": "hépíng",
      "type": "noun",
      "user_language": "paix",
      "examples": [
        "热爱和平",
        "世界和平"
      ]
    },
    "热情": {
      "pronunciation": "rèqíng",
      "type": "adjective",
      "user_language": "chaleureux, enthousiaste",
      "examples": [
        "多么热情",
        "热情友好",
        "热情地欢迎"
      ]
    }
  },
  "proper_nouns": {
    "北海": {
      "pronunciation": "Běi Hǎi",
      "user_language": "Parc Beihai (Beijing)",
      "type": "place"
    },
    "香山": {
      "pronunciation": "Xiāng Shān",
      "user_language": "Collines Parfumées (Beijing)",
      "type": "place"
    },
    "十三陵": {
      "pronunciation": "Shísān Líng",
      "user_language": "Tombeaux des Ming",
      "type": "place"
    },
    "国庆节": {
      "pronunciation": "Guóqìng Jié",
      "user_language": "Fête Nationale (1er octobre)",
      "type": "holiday"
    }
  },
  "grammar": [
    {
      "id": "na_lai_shuo",
      "title": "拿...来说 (ná...lái shuō)",
      "pattern": "拿 + noun + 来 + verb (说/看/讲/比较/分析)",
      "explanation": "Structure utilisée pour introduire un sujet ou un exemple. Équivaut à 'Prenons... par exemple' ou 'En ce qui concerne...'",
      "user_language": "Prendre comme exemple, en ce qui concerne",
      "examples": [
        {
          "chinese": "就拿首都北京来说吧，从三月到五月是春季。",
          "pinyin": "Jiù ná shǒudū Běijīng lái shuō ba, cóng sān yuè dào wǔ yuè shì chūnjì.",
          "translation": "Prenons la capitale Beijing par exemple, de mars à mai c'est le printemps."
        },
        {
          "chinese": "拿汉语的语法来说，很多人觉得很难。",
          "pinyin": "Ná Hànyǔ de yǔfǎ lái shuō, hěn duō rén juéde hěn nán.",
          "translation": "En ce qui concerne la grammaire chinoise, beaucoup de gens la trouvent difficile."
        },
        {
          "chinese": "中国发展很快，拿人们的生活水平来说，比过去有很大的提高。",
          "pinyin": "Zhōngguó fāzhǎn hěn kuài, ná rénmen de shēnghuó shuǐpíng lái shuō, bǐ guòqù yǒu hěn dà de tígāo.",
          "translation": "La Chine se développe rapidement, en ce qui concerne le niveau de vie, il y a une grande amélioration par rapport au passé."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "verb_xia",
      "title": "动词 + 下 (verb + xià)",
      "pattern": "verb + 下",
      "explanation": "Le complément directionnel '下' a deux usages principaux : 1) Indique l'achèvement d'une action avec séparation (enlever, retirer). 2) Indique un mouvement de haut en bas.",
      "user_language": "Complément directionnel 'en bas, vers le bas' ou 'enlever'",
      "examples": [
        {
          "chinese": "人们脱下冬衣，换上春装。",
          "pinyin": "Rénmen tuō xià dōngyī, huàn shàng chūnzhuāng.",
          "translation": "Les gens enlèvent leurs vêtements d'hiver et mettent leurs habits de printemps.",
          "note": "Séparation - enlever"
        },
        {
          "chinese": "请同学们快坐下，我们上课了。",
          "pinyin": "Qǐng tóngxuémen kuài zuò xià, wǒmen shàngkè le.",
          "translation": "Étudiants, asseyez-vous vite, on commence le cours.",
          "note": "Mouvement vers le bas - s'asseoir"
        },
        {
          "chinese": "她感动得流下了眼泪。",
          "pinyin": "Tā gǎndòng de liú xià le yǎnlèi.",
          "translation": "Elle était si émue que les larmes ont coulé.",
          "note": "Mouvement vers le bas"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "verb_shang",
      "title": "动词 + 上 (verb + shàng)",
      "pattern": "verb + 上",
      "explanation": "Le complément directionnel '上' a deux usages principaux : 1) Indique le résultat d'une action (mettre, enfiler, fermer, tomber amoureux). 2) Indique un mouvement de bas en haut.",
      "user_language": "Complément directionnel 'en haut, vers le haut' ou 'mettre, fermer'",
      "examples": [
        {
          "chinese": "人们脱下冬衣，换上春装。",
          "pinyin": "Rénmen tuō xià dōngyī, huàn shàng chūnzhuāng.",
          "translation": "Les gens enlèvent leurs vêtements d'hiver et mettent leurs habits de printemps.",
          "note": "Résultat - mettre"
        },
        {
          "chinese": "也许你会爱上这个美丽的城市。",
          "pinyin": "Yěxǔ nǐ huì ài shàng zhège měilì de chéngshì.",
          "translation": "Peut-être que tu tomberas amoureux de cette belle ville.",
          "note": "Résultat - tomber amoureux"
        },
        {
          "chinese": "他提着书爬上了十楼。",
          "pinyin": "Tā tízhe shū pá shàng le shí lóu.",
          "translation": "Il est monté au dixième étage en portant des livres.",
          "note": "Mouvement vers le haut"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "duome",
      "title": "多么 (duōme)",
      "pattern": "多么 + adjective/verb",
      "explanation": "Adverbe principalement utilisé dans les phrases exclamatives pour exprimer un haut degré. Usage similaire à '多' mais plus emphatique.",
      "user_language": "Combien! Comme c'est! (exclamatif)",
      "examples": [
        {
          "chinese": "这个古老的国家如今显得多么年轻！",
          "pinyin": "Zhège gǔlǎo de guójiā rújīn xiǎnde duōme niánqīng!",
          "translation": "Comme ce pays ancien paraît jeune aujourd'hui!"
        },
        {
          "chinese": "那里的风景有多么美！",
          "pinyin": "Nàlǐ de fēngjǐng yǒu duōme měi!",
          "translation": "Comme les paysages là-bas sont beaux!"
        },
        {
          "chinese": "多么有意思啊！",
          "pinyin": "Duōme yǒu yìsi a!",
          "translation": "Comme c'est intéressant!"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "yexu",
      "title": "也许 (yěxǔ)",
      "pattern": "也许 + sentence",
      "explanation": "Exprime la spéculation ou l'incertitude. Habituellement placé avant les verbes, adjectifs ou sujets comme adverbial.",
      "user_language": "Peut-être, probablement",
      "examples": [
        {
          "chinese": "也许你会爱上这个美丽的城市，爱上这些热情友好的人们。",
          "pinyin": "Yěxǔ nǐ huì ài shàng zhège měilì de chéngshì, ài shàng zhèxiē rèqíng yǒuhǎo de rénmen.",
          "translation": "Peut-être que tu tomberas amoureux de cette belle ville et de ces gens chaleureux et amicaux."
        },
        {
          "chinese": "别着急，再好好儿找找，也许能找到。",
          "pinyin": "Bié zhāojí, zài hǎohāor zhǎozhao, yěxǔ néng zhǎodào.",
          "translation": "Ne t'inquiète pas, cherche bien encore une fois, peut-être que tu le trouveras."
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "texts": [
    {
      "id": "four_seasons_main",
      "title": "北京的四季 (Four Seasons in Beijing)",
      "type": "main_text",
      "content": "中国的大部分地区，一年都有春、夏、秋、冬四个季节。就拿首都北京来说吧，从三月到五月是春季，六月到八月是夏季，九月到十一月是秋季，十二月到第二年的二月是冬季。\n\n春天来了，树绿了，花儿开了，天气暖和了。人们脱下冬衣，换上春装。姑娘和小伙子们打扮得漂漂亮亮的，他们在湖上划船，在花儿前照相，公园里充满了年轻人的歌声和笑声。颐和园、北海、香山、长城和十三陵……到处都可以看到来自世界各地的游人。\n\n夏天来了，天气热了。人们常常去游泳。吃完晚饭，工作了一天的人们喜欢到外边散步、聊天儿。马路边、公园里都有散步的人。他们一边走一边聊，显得轻松而愉快。\n\n北京的冬天比较冷，但是暖气一开，屋子里很暖和。到了冬天，人们喜欢吃火锅儿。一家几口人或三五个朋友，高高兴兴地围坐在火锅儿旁边，边吃，边喝，边聊，这情景让人羡慕和向往。\n\n北京的冬天不常下雪，但是，要是下了雪，人们就会像过节一样高兴。冬天最美的风光就是雪景了。很多人会带上相机去外边照相。孩子们一点儿也不怕冷，在雪地上跑啊跳啊，堆雪人儿，打雪仗，小脸和小手冻得红红的，玩儿得可高兴了。北京人喜欢雪。"瑞雪兆丰年"，冬天要是下几场大雪，第二年一定会有好收成。\n\n北京一年中最好的季节要数秋天了。天气不冷也不热，不常下雨，也很少刮风。大街上到处是鲜花，到处是瓜果。每到周末，人们都喜欢到郊外去玩儿。那满山的红叶是秋天最美丽的景色。爬香山、看红叶，是北京人最喜欢的活动。\n\n国庆节放假期间，正是北京一年中风景最美的时候。每到国庆节，全国各地很多游人都会利用假期到北京来旅游。要是你能到天安门广场去看看，就会知道，这个古老的国家如今显得多么年轻，你就会感到，勤劳善良、热爱和平的中国人是多么热情。也许你会爱上这个美丽的城市，爱上这些热情友好的人们。\n\n亲爱的朋友，愿你们在北京、在中国生活得平安快乐。",
      "comprehension_questions": [
        {
          "question": "北京一年有几个季节？每个季节从几月到几月？",
          "type": "open",
          "answer": "北京一年有四个季节：春季（3-5月）、夏季（6-8月）、秋季（9-11月）、冬季（12月-次年2月）"
        },
        {
          "question": "北京的春天有什么特点？",
          "type": "open",
          "answer": "树绿了，花儿开了，天气暖和，人们换上春装，公园里充满歌声和笑声，到处都是游人"
        },
        {
          "question": "北京人冬天喜欢做什么？",
          "type": "open",
          "answer": "吃火锅儿、看雪景、堆雪人儿、打雪仗"
        },
        {
          "question": "北京一年中最好的季节是什么？为什么？",
          "type": "open",
          "answer": "秋天。因为天气不冷也不热，不常下雨，也很少刮风，到处是鲜花和瓜果，红叶很美丽"
        },
        {
          "question": ""瑞雪兆丰年"是什么意思？",
          "type": "open",
          "answer": "冬天下雪预示着第二年会有好收成（bonne récolte）"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "weather_dialogue",
      "title": "谈论天气 (Talking About Weather)",
      "type": "dialogue",
      "content": "A: 啊——，好冷啊！\nB: 冷在三九嘛，现在才是头九，冷的时候还在后面呢。\nA: 什么？什么？你说的我怎么听不懂啊。什么"三九""头九"？\nB: 啊，中国人把冬天最冷的时候，叫作三九天。从冬至开始，每九天算一九。今天是12月25号，算头九。\nA: 这样啊。这么说，以后还会更冷啊。\nB: 当然。\nA: 我最怕冷了。每天早上都不想起床，所以常常迟到。\nB: 我怕热，但不怕冷。我喜欢冬天，也喜欢滑冰滑雪。\nA: 难怪你每天一早就出去锻炼。我可起不来。",
      "notes": "Cultural note: 数九 (shǔjiǔ) - traditional Chinese way of counting winter days in periods of 9 days. 三九 (sānjiǔ) is the coldest period."
    }
  ],
  "exercises": [
    {
      "id": "ex_phonetics",
      "type": "phonetics",
      "title": "辨音辨调",
      "instructions": "Distinguer les prononciations et tons similaires",
      "items": [
        {"pair1": "部分 (bùfen)", "pair2": "不分 (bù fēn)"},
        {"pair1": "旅游 (lǚyóu)", "pair2": "理由 (lǐyóu)"},
        {"pair1": "善良 (shànliáng)", "pair2": "商量 (shāngliang)"},
        {"pair1": "鲜花 (xiānhuā)", "pair2": "闲话 (xiánhuà)"},
        {"pair1": "和平 (hépíng)", "pair2": "合并 (hébìng)"},
        {"pair1": "广场 (guǎngchǎng)", "pair2": "工厂 (gōngchǎng)"}
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ex_fill_blanks",
      "type": "fill_in_blanks",
      "title": "选词填空",
      "instructions": "Choisir les bons mots pour remplir les blancs",
      "word_bank": ["热爱", "向往", "脱", "多么", "数", "也许", "围", "划船", "冻", "充满"],
      "questions": [
        {
          "sentence": "进屋要____鞋，觉得特麻烦。",
          "answer": "脱",
          "translation": "En entrant dans la maison il faut enlever les chaussures, c'est vraiment embêtant."
        },
        {
          "sentence": "星期天我们去公园____吧。",
          "answer": "划船",
          "translation": "Dimanche, allons ramer au parc."
        },
        {
          "sentence": "她对自己的未来____信心。",
          "answer": "充满",
          "translation": "Elle est remplie de confiance en son avenir."
        },
        {
          "sentence": "那是个让世界各国的人都十分____的地方。",
          "answer": "向往",
          "translation": "C'est un endroit que les gens du monde entier désirent ardemment."
        },
        {
          "sentence": "我的手已经____得没有感觉了。",
          "answer": "冻",
          "translation": "Mes mains sont déjà gelées au point de ne plus rien sentir."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ex_grammar_practice",
      "type": "grammar_practice",
      "title": "用括号里的词语完成句子",
      "instructions": "Compléter les phrases avec les mots entre parenthèses",
      "questions": [
        {
          "prompt": "____________来说吧，刚来中国时，也特别想家。(拿)",
          "sample_answer": "拿我",
          "translation": "Prenons-moi par exemple, quand je suis arrivé en Chine, j'avais aussi très envie de rentrer."
        },
        {
          "prompt": "把大衣____________吧，我给您挂在这里。(动词+下)",
          "sample_answer": "脱下",
          "translation": "Enlevez votre manteau, je vais vous le suspendre ici."
        },
        {
          "prompt": "你是不是____________了？要不为什么常常去找她？(动词+上)",
          "sample_answer": "爱上她",
          "translation": "Es-tu tombé amoureux d'elle? Sinon pourquoi vas-tu souvent la voir?"
        },
        {
          "prompt": "你不知道，我爸爸妈妈听到这个消息是____________。(多么)",
          "sample_answer": "多么高兴",
          "translation": "Tu ne sais pas comme mes parents étaient contents quand ils ont entendu cette nouvelle."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ex_sentence_correction",
      "type": "error_correction",
      "title": "改错句",
      "instructions": "Corriger les phrases incorrectes",
      "questions": [
        {
          "incorrect": "我很喜欢北京，大街上有很多树，很绿色。",
          "correct": "我很喜欢北京，大街上有很多树，很绿。",
          "explanation": "绿色 (lǜsè) est un nom 'la couleur verte', mais on a besoin de l'adjectif 绿 (lǜ). On ne dit pas 很绿色 mais 很绿."
        },
        {
          "incorrect": "中国的大街上到处充满了电动车。",
          "correct": "中国的大街上到处都是电动车。/ 中国的大街上充满了电动车。",
          "explanation": "到处 (partout) et 充满 (rempli de) sont redondants. On utilise soit 到处都是... soit 充满了..."
        },
        {
          "incorrect": "我非常热爱我的女朋友。",
          "correct": "我非常爱我的女朋友。",
          "explanation": "热爱 est trop formel et s'utilise pour la patrie, le peuple, la paix. Pour une relation amoureuse, on utilise 爱 ou 喜欢."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "ex_cloze_test",
      "type": "cloze",
      "title": "综合填空 - 一把雨伞",
      "text": "去年秋天的一个星期天，我和爱人带孩子去爬山。刚刚两岁①____儿子，玩儿得很高兴。这时，一阵风刮来，抬头一看，刚才还蓝蓝的天上，不知什么时候起②____乌云，很快就开始掉雨点了...",
      "translation": "Un dimanche d'automne l'année dernière..."
    }
  ]
}