StillHammer
4ebc31dd5f
Complete course materials, notes, and learning tools for Jiaotong Daxue intensive Chinese program. 🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code) Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>
549 lines
18 KiB
JSON
549 lines
18 KiB
JSON
{
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"id": "ledu-chapter1",
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"book_id": "ledu",
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"name": "民以食为天 (Food is Heaven for the People)",
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"description": "Introduction to Chinese food culture, dining etiquette, and dietary vocabulary. Explores the importance of food in Chinese culture and regional taste preferences.",
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"difficulty": "intermediate",
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"language": "zh-CN",
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"chapter_number": "1",
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"metadata": {
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"version": "1.0",
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"created": "2025-10-14",
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"updated": "2025-10-14",
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"source": "LEDU Textbook - Jiaotong University",
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"target_level": "intermediate",
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"estimated_hours": 10,
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"prerequisites": ["hsk-3"],
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"learning_objectives": [
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"Master 45+ food and dining vocabulary terms",
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"Understand Chinese dining etiquette and table manners",
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"Learn about regional taste differences in China",
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"Practice character inference from radicals",
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"Develop reading comprehension skills with authentic texts"
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],
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"content_tags": ["food", "culture", "etiquette", "regional-cuisine", "chinese-culture"],
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"completion_criteria": {
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"vocabulary_mastery": 90,
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"comprehension_score": 80,
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"exercises_completed": 15
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}
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},
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"vocabulary": {
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"食": {
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"pronunciation": "shí",
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"type": "morpheme",
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"user_language": "food, to eat",
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"examples": ["饮食", "甜食", "肉食", "食堂"],
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"notes": "Pictographic character representing food in a container. Usually used as morpheme."
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},
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"重": {
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"pronunciation": "zhòng",
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"type": "adjective/verb",
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"user_language": "heavy; important; to attach importance to",
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"examples": ["体重", "严重", "重要", "敬重"]
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},
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"嘴": {
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"pronunciation": "zuǐ",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "mouth",
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"examples": ["一张嘴", "张开嘴", "烫嘴"]
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},
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"脑": {
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"pronunciation": "nǎo",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "brain",
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"examples": ["大脑", "脑子"]
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},
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"重视": {
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"pronunciation": "zhòngshì",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "to attach importance to, to value",
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"examples": ["重视健康", "重视学习", "对…很/不重视"]
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},
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"营养": {
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"pronunciation": "yíngyǎng",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "nutrition",
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"examples": ["有营养", "营养丰富"]
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},
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"文化": {
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"pronunciation": "wénhuà",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "culture",
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"examples": ["饮食文化", "传统文化"]
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},
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"丰富": {
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"pronunciation": "fēngfù",
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"type": "adjective/verb",
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"user_language": "rich, abundant; to enrich",
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"examples": ["营养丰富", "丰富生活"]
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},
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"味道": {
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"pronunciation": "wèidao",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "taste, flavor",
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"examples": ["味道鲜美", "品尝味道"]
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},
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"麻辣烫": {
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"pronunciation": "málàtàng",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "spicy hot pot"
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},
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"麻婆豆腐": {
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"pronunciation": "mápó dòufu",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "Mapo tofu (tofu in spicy sauce)"
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},
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"适合": {
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"pronunciation": "shìhé",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "to suit, to be suitable for",
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"examples": ["这种颜色不适合我", "他很适合做这个工作"]
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},
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"满": {
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"pronunciation": "mǎn",
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"type": "adjective",
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"user_language": "full, complete",
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"examples": ["满桌", "坐满", "满心欢喜"]
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},
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"四川": {
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"pronunciation": "Sichuān",
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"type": "proper noun",
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"user_language": "Sichuan (province of China)"
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},
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"历史": {
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"pronunciation": "lishǐ",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "history"
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},
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"规矩": {
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"pronunciation": "guīju",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "rule, norm, convention"
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},
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"安排": {
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"pronunciation": "ānpái",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "to arrange, to organize"
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},
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"敲": {
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"pronunciation": "qiāo",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "to knock, to tap"
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},
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"竖": {
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"pronunciation": "shù",
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"type": "adjective",
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"user_language": "vertical, upright"
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},
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"礼貌": {
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"pronunciation": "lǐmào",
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"type": "adjective",
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"user_language": "polite, courteous"
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},
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"倒": {
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"pronunciation": "dào",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "to pour"
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},
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"尊重": {
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"pronunciation": "zūnzhòng",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "to respect, to esteem"
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},
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"敬酒": {
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"pronunciation": "jìng jiǔ",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "to propose a toast"
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},
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"但": {
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"pronunciation": "dàn",
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"type": "conjunction",
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"user_language": "but (written language)",
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"examples": ["这家饭馆不大，但很有名", "这份工作比较辛苦，但我很喜欢"],
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"notes": "Written Chinese, same as 但是"
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},
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"时": {
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"pronunciation": "shí",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "time, moment (written language)",
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"examples": ["他看书时喜欢听音乐", "工作时他很认真"],
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"notes": "Written Chinese, means '……的时候'"
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},
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"讲究": {
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"pronunciation": "jiǎngju",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "to be particular about, to pay attention to"
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},
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"色": {
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"pronunciation": "sè",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "color"
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},
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"香": {
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"pronunciation": "xiāng",
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"type": "adjective",
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"user_language": "fragrant, aromatic"
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},
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"形": {
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"pronunciation": "xíng",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "shape, form"
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},
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"意": {
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"pronunciation": "yì",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "meaning, significance"
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},
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"颜色": {
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"pronunciation": "yánsè",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "color"
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},
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"漂亮": {
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"pronunciation": "piàoliang",
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"type": "adjective",
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"user_language": "beautiful, pretty"
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},
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"口感": {
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"pronunciation": "kǒugǎn",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "taste, mouthfeel"
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},
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"样子": {
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"pronunciation": "yàngzi",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "appearance, look"
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},
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"意义": {
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"pronunciation": "yìyì",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "meaning, significance"
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},
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"以前": {
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"pronunciation": "yǐqián",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "before, previously"
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},
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"甜": {
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"pronunciation": "tián",
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"type": "adjective",
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"user_language": "sweet"
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},
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"咸": {
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"pronunciation": "xián",
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"type": "adjective",
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"user_language": "salty"
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},
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"辣": {
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"pronunciation": "là",
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"type": "adjective",
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"user_language": "spicy"
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},
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"酸": {
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"pronunciation": "suān",
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"type": "adjective",
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"user_language": "sour"
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},
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"各地": {
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"pronunciation": "gèdì",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "various places, everywhere"
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},
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"爱上": {
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"pronunciation": "àishang",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "to fall in love with"
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},
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"辣椒": {
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"pronunciation": "làjiāo",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "chili pepper"
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},
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"离不开": {
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"pronunciation": "lí bu kāi",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "can't do without"
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},
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"麻": {
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"pronunciation": "má",
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"type": "adjective",
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"user_language": "numbing (Sichuan pepper sensation)"
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},
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"最爱": {
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"pronunciation": "zuì'ài",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "favorite"
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},
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"火锅": {
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"pronunciation": "huǒguō",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "hot pot"
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},
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"口味": {
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"pronunciation": "kǒuwèi",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "taste preference"
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},
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"温暖": {
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"pronunciation": "wēnnuǎn",
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"type": "adjective",
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"user_language": "warm"
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},
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"快乐": {
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"pronunciation": "kuàilè",
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"type": "adjective",
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"user_language": "happy"
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},
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"食欲": {
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"pronunciation": "shíyù",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "appetite"
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},
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"喜爱": {
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"pronunciation": "xǐ'ài",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "to like, to love"
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},
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"古人": {
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"pronunciation": "gǔrén",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "ancient people, ancestors"
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},
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"事情": {
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"pronunciation": "shìqing",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "matter, thing, affair"
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},
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"年长": {
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"pronunciation": "niánzhǎng",
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"type": "adjective",
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"user_language": "elderly, senior"
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},
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"入座": {
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"pronunciation": "rùzuò",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "to take a seat"
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},
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"主人": {
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"pronunciation": "zhǔrén",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "host"
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},
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"动筷子": {
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"pronunciation": "dòng kuàizi",
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"type": "verb phrase",
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"user_language": "to start eating (lit. move chopsticks)"
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},
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"品尝": {
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"pronunciation": "pǐncháng",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "to taste"
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},
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"夹菜": {
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"pronunciation": "jiācài",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "to pick up food with chopsticks"
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},
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"盘子": {
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"pronunciation": "pánzi",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "plate"
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},
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"热情": {
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"pronunciation": "rèqíng",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "enthusiasm, warmth"
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},
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"碗": {
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"pronunciation": "wǎn",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "bowl"
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},
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"插": {
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"pronunciation": "chā",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "to insert, to stick in"
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},
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"米饭": {
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"pronunciation": "mǐfàn",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "rice"
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},
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"同样": {
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"pronunciation": "tóngyàng",
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"type": "adverb",
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"user_language": "likewise, similarly"
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},
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"长辈": {
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"pronunciation": "zhǎngbèi",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "elder, senior"
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},
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"烫手": {
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"pronunciation": "tàng shǒu",
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"type": "verb phrase",
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"user_language": "to burn one's hand"
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},
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"酒": {
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"pronunciation": "jiǔ",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "alcohol, wine"
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},
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"友情": {
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"pronunciation": "yǒuqíng",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "friendship"
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},
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"双手": {
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"pronunciation": "shuāngshǒu",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "both hands"
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},
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"杯子": {
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"pronunciation": "bēizi",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "cup, glass"
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},
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"对方": {
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"pronunciation": "duìfāng",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "the other party"
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},
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"吃饱": {
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"pronunciation": "chī bǎo",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "to eat one's fill"
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},
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"感谢": {
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"pronunciation": "gǎnxiè",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "to thank"
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}
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},
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"grammar": {
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"因此-therefore": {
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"title": "……，因此…… - therefore, consequently",
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"pattern": "Cause/Reason + 因此 + Result/Consequence",
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"explanation": "Used to express cause and effect relationship. More formal than 所以.",
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"examples": [
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{
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"chinese": "这家饭馆很有特色，因此生意特别火。",
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"pronunciation": "Zhè jiā fànguǎn hěn yǒu tèsè, yīncǐ shēngyì tèbié huǒ.",
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"translation": "This restaurant has specialties, therefore the business is very good."
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},
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{
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"chinese": "这个牌子的饮料口感很好，因此很受年轻人欢迎。",
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"pronunciation": "Zhège páizi de yǐnliào kǒugǎn hěn hǎo, yīncǐ hěn shòu niánqīngrén huānyíng.",
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"translation": "This brand of beverage has a good taste, therefore it's very popular among young people."
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}
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]
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},
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"但-written": {
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"title": "但 (dàn) - but (written language)",
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"explanation": "Used in written Chinese to mean '但是' (but). More formal and concise.",
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"examples": [
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{
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"chinese": "这家饭馆不大，但很有名。",
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"pronunciation": "Zhè jiā fànguǎn bù dà, dàn hěn yǒumíng.",
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"translation": "This restaurant is not big, but it's very famous."
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}
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]
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},
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"时-written": {
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"title": "时 (shí) - when, at the time of (written language)",
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"explanation": "Used in written Chinese to mean '……的时候' (when, at the time of).",
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"examples": [
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{
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"chinese": "他看书时喜欢听音乐。",
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"pronunciation": "Tā kàn shū shí xǐhuan tīng yīnyuè.",
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"translation": "When he reads, he likes listening to music."
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}
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]
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}
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},
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"texts": [
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{
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"id": "main-text",
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"title": "中国人用"嘴"吃饭 (Chinese People Eat with Their 'Mouth')",
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"type": "main",
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"content": "有人说："外国人用'脑'吃饭，中国人用'嘴'吃饭。"外国人比较重视营养，吃什么、怎么吃首先想的是要有营养；中国人讲究菜要色、香、味、形、意都好。中华饮食文化非常丰富，一道菜要颜色漂亮、味道香、口感好、样子好看，还要有美好的意义。\n\n色、香、味、形、意中，味是第一位的。以前中国有句话说："南甜北咸，东辣西酸。"意思是各地的人们各有所爱。而现在有越来越多的人爱上了辣，可以说是无辣不欢。其实辣椒来到中国还不到400年，但现在很多年轻人已经离不开辣了。四川菜又麻又辣，是很多年轻人的最爱。川菜馆在很多地方都很受人们的欢迎，很多人都爱吃麻辣火锅、麻辣烫和麻婆豆腐。\n\n为什么辣更适合年轻人的口味呢？辣味儿能让人感到温暖和快乐，而且红红的辣椒看着就让人满心欢喜，很有食欲，因此更受年轻人喜爱。",
|
||
"wordCount": 334,
|
||
"questions": [
|
||
{
|
||
"question": "中国菜的特点是什么？",
|
||
"type": "open",
|
||
"answer": "色、香、味、形、意都好"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"question": "现代中国年轻人最喜欢什么口味？原因是什么？",
|
||
"type": "open",
|
||
"answer": "辣。因为辣味能让人感到温暖和快乐，红辣椒让人满心欢喜，很有食欲"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"question": "中国人认为，菜有没有营养没关系。",
|
||
"type": "true_false",
|
||
"answer": "错"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"question": "很多年轻人特别喜欢吃川菜。",
|
||
"type": "true_false",
|
||
"answer": "对"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"question": "辣椒最早产自中国。",
|
||
"type": "true_false",
|
||
"answer": "错"
|
||
}
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"id": "etiquette-text",
|
||
"title": "中国人吃饭的规矩 (Chinese Dining Etiquette)",
|
||
"type": "extensive",
|
||
"content": "中国古人说："民以食为天。"对人们来说，吃饭是最重要的事情。中国有五千多年的历史，有丰富的饮食文化，吃饭时也就有了很多规矩，比如说：\n\n规矩一：很多人一起吃饭时，先请客人或者最年长的人入座，客人一般会等主人安排后再入座。\n\n规矩二：开始吃饭时，请客人或者最年长的人先动筷子；每上一道菜，都要请客人或者最年长的人先品尝。\n\n规矩三：有时主人会为客人夹菜，放在客人的盘子里，这是对客人的热情。\n\n规矩四：吃饭时不能用筷子敲碗、盘子；筷子也不可以竖着插在米饭里，这是不礼貌的。\n\n规矩五："食不言"，吃东西时不讲话；同样，看到别人嘴里有食物，也不要去跟人讲话。\n\n规矩六：年轻人为客人或者长辈倒茶、倒酒。\n\n规矩七：给人倒茶时，只倒七分满，还有三分是对客人的热情，而且也不会烫手；但倒酒时，一般要倒满，意思是满满的尊重和友情。\n\n规矩八：年轻人向年长的人敬酒时，一般双手拿杯子，杯子要拿得比对方低一点儿，这是对年长的人的尊重；看到别人正在夹菜，先不要敬酒。\n\n规矩九：慢慢地品尝每一道菜，如果菜只上了一半，客人就说吃饱了，这是不礼貌的；吃完饭以后，客人一般会向主人说几句感谢的话。",
|
||
"wordCount": 466,
|
||
"questions": [
|
||
{
|
||
"question": "最适合做本文标题的是：",
|
||
"type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"options": ["A中国人吃饭的规矩", "B中国人怎么请客", "C中国的饮食文化", "D中国人的礼貌"],
|
||
"correctAnswer": "A中国人吃饭的规矩"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"question": ""民以食为天"的意思是：",
|
||
"type": "multiple_choice",
|
||
"options": ["A人们喜欢吃", "B人们觉得吃非常重要", "C人们每天要吃饭", "D为了吃，人们要每天工作"],
|
||
"correctAnswer": "B人们觉得吃非常重要"
|
||
}
|
||
]
|
||
}
|
||
],
|
||
"exercises": [
|
||
{
|
||
"type": "character_inference",
|
||
"title": "运用汉字知识推断字义 (Infer meaning from character components)",
|
||
"description": "Use radical knowledge to infer the meaning of unfamiliar characters",
|
||
"questions": [
|
||
{
|
||
"question": "菜刚做好，太烫了。",
|
||
"options": ["A非常饿", "B非常热", "C非常好吃"],
|
||
"correctAnswer": "B非常热",
|
||
"hint": "烫 has the fire radical 火"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"question": "这种苹果比较酸，再看看别的吧。",
|
||
"options": ["A一种味道", "B一种颜色", "C一种吃的东西"],
|
||
"correctAnswer": "A一种味道"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"question": "这个电视节目介绍了糍粑的做法。",
|
||
"options": ["A一种衣物", "B一种用的东西", "C一种吃的东西"],
|
||
"correctAnswer": "C一种吃的东西",
|
||
"hint": "糍粑 has the rice radical 米"
|
||
}
|
||
]
|
||
}
|
||
]
|
||
}
|