StillHammer
4ebc31dd5f
Complete course materials, notes, and learning tools for Jiaotong Daxue intensive Chinese program. 🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code) Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>
1213 lines
37 KiB
Plaintext
1213 lines
37 KiB
Plaintext
{
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"id": "hanyu-chapter3",
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"book_id": "hanyu-jiaocheng",
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"name": "北京的四季 (Běijīng de Sìjì) - Four Seasons in Beijing",
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"description": "Exploration of Beijing's four seasons, weather patterns, and seasonal activities. Learn about Chinese perspectives on nature and seasonal changes.",
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"difficulty": "intermediate",
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"language": "zh-CN",
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"chapter_number": "3",
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"metadata": {
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"version": "1.0",
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"created": "2025-10-23",
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"updated": "2025-10-23",
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"source": "Hanyu Jiaocheng - Jiaotong University",
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"target_level": "intermediate",
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"estimated_hours": 12,
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"prerequisites": ["hanyu-chapter1", "hanyu-chapter2"],
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"learning_objectives": [
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"Master 40+ vocabulary terms related to seasons and weather",
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"Understand directional complements 上/下",
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"Learn the pattern 拿...来说 (take as example)",
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"Practice using 也许, 多么, and other adverbs",
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"Develop reading comprehension about Chinese culture and seasons"
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],
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"content_tags": ["seasons", "weather", "beijing", "culture", "nature"],
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"completion_criteria": {
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"vocabulary_mastery": 85,
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"comprehension_score": 80,
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"exercises_completed": 20
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}
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},
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"vocabulary": {
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"首都": {
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"pronunciation": "shǒudū",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "capitale",
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"examples": [
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"首都北京",
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"中国的首都"
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]
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},
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"季节": {
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"pronunciation": "jìjié",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "saison",
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"examples": [
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"四个季节",
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"春季、夏季、秋季、冬季"
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]
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},
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"部分": {
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"pronunciation": "bùfen",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "partie, section",
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"examples": [
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"中国的大部分地区",
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"一部分人",
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"部分学校"
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]
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},
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"地区": {
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"pronunciation": "dìqū",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "région, zone",
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"examples": [
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"北京地区",
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"这个地区很美"
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]
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},
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"拿": {
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"pronunciation": "ná",
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"type": "preposition",
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"user_language": "utilisé pour introduire l'objet (prendre comme exemple)",
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"examples": [
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"就拿首都北京来说吧",
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"拿人们的生活水平来说"
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],
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"notes": "Used in pattern: 拿 + noun + 来 + verb (说/看/讲/比较)"
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},
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"脱": {
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"pronunciation": "tuō",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "enlever, retirer (vêtements)",
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"examples": [
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"脱下冬衣",
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"脱下皮鞋"
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]
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},
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"冬衣": {
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"pronunciation": "dōngyī",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "vêtements d'hiver",
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"examples": [
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"人们脱下冬衣"
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]
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},
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"春装": {
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"pronunciation": "chūnzhuāng",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "vêtements de printemps",
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"examples": [
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"换上春装"
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]
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},
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"姑娘": {
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"pronunciation": "gūniang",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "jeune fille",
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"examples": [
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"姑娘和小伙子们",
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"美丽的姑娘"
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]
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},
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"湖": {
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"pronunciation": "hú",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "lac",
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"examples": [
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"在湖上划船",
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"西湖"
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]
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},
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"划船": {
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"pronunciation": "huá chuán",
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"type": "verb phrase",
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"user_language": "ramer, faire du bateau",
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"examples": [
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"在湖上划船",
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"我们去划船吧"
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]
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},
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"划": {
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"pronunciation": "huá",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "ramer",
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"examples": [
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"划船",
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"划桨"
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]
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},
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"船": {
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"pronunciation": "chuán",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "bateau, navire",
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"examples": [
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"划船",
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"坐船"
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]
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},
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"充满": {
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"pronunciation": "chōngmǎn",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "être rempli de, déborder de",
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"examples": [
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"充满了歌声和笑声",
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"充满信心",
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"充满希望"
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]
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},
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"游人": {
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"pronunciation": "yóurén",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "visiteur, touriste",
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"examples": [
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"来自世界各地的游人",
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"游人很多"
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]
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},
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"显得": {
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"pronunciation": "xiǎnde",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "sembler, paraître, avoir l'air",
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"examples": [
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"显得轻松而愉快",
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"显得很高兴",
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"显得多么年轻"
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]
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},
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"轻松": {
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"pronunciation": "qīngsōng",
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"type": "adjective",
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"user_language": "détendu, relaxé",
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"examples": [
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"显得轻松而愉快",
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"轻松的心情"
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]
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},
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"火锅儿": {
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"pronunciation": "huǒguōr",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "fondue chinoise, hot pot",
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"examples": [
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"吃火锅儿",
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"围坐在火锅儿旁边"
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]
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},
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"围": {
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"pronunciation": "wéi",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "entourer, encercler",
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"examples": [
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"围坐在火锅儿旁边",
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"围着桌子坐"
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]
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},
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"向往": {
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"pronunciation": "xiàngwǎng",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "aspirer à, désirer ardemment",
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"examples": [
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"让人羡慕和向往",
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"向往北京",
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"向往幸福生活"
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]
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},
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"堆雪人儿": {
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"pronunciation": "duī xuěrénr",
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"type": "verb phrase",
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"user_language": "faire un bonhomme de neige",
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"examples": [
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"孩子们堆雪人儿"
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]
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},
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"堆": {
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"pronunciation": "duī",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "empiler, entasser",
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"examples": [
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"堆雪人儿",
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"堆书"
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]
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},
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"打雪仗": {
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"pronunciation": "dǎ xuězhàng",
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"type": "verb phrase",
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"user_language": "faire une bataille de boules de neige",
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"examples": [
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"打雪仗",
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"孩子们在打雪仗"
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]
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},
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"打": {
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"pronunciation": "dǎ",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "frapper, battre, se battre",
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"examples": [
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"打雪仗",
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"打架"
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]
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},
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"冻": {
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"pronunciation": "dòng",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "avoir très froid, geler",
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"examples": [
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"小脸和小手冻得红红的",
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"我冻得不行了"
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]
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},
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"瑞雪兆丰年": {
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"pronunciation": "ruìxuě zhào fēngnián",
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"type": "idiom",
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"user_language": "une neige opportune présage une bonne récolte",
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"examples": [
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"北京人说：瑞雪兆丰年"
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],
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"notes": "Proverbe chinois traditionnel"
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},
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"场": {
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"pronunciation": "cháng",
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"type": "measure word",
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"user_language": "classificateur pour événements, spectacles",
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"examples": [
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"下几场大雪",
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"一场电影"
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]
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},
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"收成": {
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"pronunciation": "shōucheng",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "récolte, moisson",
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"examples": [
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"有好收成",
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"今年的收成不错"
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]
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},
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"数": {
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"pronunciation": "shǔ",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "être considéré comme exceptionnellement (bon ou mauvais)",
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"examples": [
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"要数秋天了",
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"数他最高",
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"数得上"
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]
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},
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"大街": {
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"pronunciation": "dàjiē",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "rue principale, grande rue",
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"examples": [
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"大街上到处是鲜花",
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"走在大街上"
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]
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},
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"鲜花": {
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"pronunciation": "xiānhuā",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "fleur fraîche",
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"examples": [
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"到处是鲜花",
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"买鲜花"
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]
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},
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"瓜": {
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"pronunciation": "guā",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "melon, courge",
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"examples": [
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"瓜果",
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"西瓜"
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]
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},
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"果": {
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"pronunciation": "guǒ",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "fruit",
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"examples": [
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"瓜果",
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"水果"
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]
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},
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"每": {
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"pronunciation": "měi",
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"type": "adverb",
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"user_language": "chaque",
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"examples": [
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"每到周末",
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"每天",
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"每个人"
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]
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},
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"郊外": {
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"pronunciation": "jiāowài",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "banlieue, environs d'une ville",
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"examples": [
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"到郊外去玩儿",
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"郊外风景很美"
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]
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},
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"美丽": {
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"pronunciation": "měilì",
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"type": "adjective",
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"user_language": "beau, magnifique",
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"examples": [
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"最美丽的景色",
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"美丽的城市",
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"美丽的姑娘"
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]
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},
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"美": {
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"pronunciation": "měi",
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"type": "adjective",
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"user_language": "beau",
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"examples": [
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"最美的风光",
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"很美"
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]
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},
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"景色": {
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"pronunciation": "jǐngsè",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "paysage, vue, scène",
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"examples": [
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"最美丽的景色",
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"美丽的景色",
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"山上的景色"
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]
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},
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"如今": {
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"pronunciation": "rújīn",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "maintenant, aujourd'hui, actuellement",
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"examples": [
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"这个古老的国家如今显得多么年轻",
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"如今的生活"
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]
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},
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"多么": {
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"pronunciation": "duōme",
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"type": "adverb",
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"user_language": "combien, comme c'est (exclamatif)",
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"examples": [
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"显得多么年轻",
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"多么热情",
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"多么美好"
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],
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"notes": "Utilisé dans les phrases exclamatives"
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},
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"勤劳": {
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"pronunciation": "qínláo",
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"type": "adjective",
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"user_language": "travailleur, industrieux",
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"examples": [
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"勤劳善良的中国人",
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"勤劳的人民"
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]
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},
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"善良": {
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"pronunciation": "shànliáng",
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"type": "adjective",
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"user_language": "bon, gentil, bienveillant",
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"examples": [
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"勤劳善良",
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"善良的人"
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]
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},
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||
"热爱": {
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"pronunciation": "rè'ài",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "aimer profondément, chérir",
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"examples": [
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"热爱和平",
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"热爱工作",
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"热爱祖国"
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],
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"notes": "Plus formel que 爱, utilisé pour patrie, paix, peuple"
|
||
},
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"友好": {
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||
"pronunciation": "yǒuhǎo",
|
||
"type": "adjective",
|
||
"user_language": "amical, cordial",
|
||
"examples": [
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"热情友好的人们",
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"友好相处"
|
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]
|
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},
|
||
"亲爱": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "qīn'ài",
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||
"type": "adjective",
|
||
"user_language": "cher, chéri",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"亲爱的朋友",
|
||
"亲爱的同学们"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"愿": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "yuàn",
|
||
"type": "verb",
|
||
"user_language": "souhaiter, désirer",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"愿你们生活得平安快乐",
|
||
"我愿意"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"平安": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "píng'ān",
|
||
"type": "adjective",
|
||
"user_language": "sain et sauf, en sécurité",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"生活得平安快乐",
|
||
"一路平安"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"树": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "shù",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "arbre",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"树绿了",
|
||
"种树",
|
||
"大树"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"绿": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "lǜ",
|
||
"type": "adjective",
|
||
"user_language": "vert",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"树绿了",
|
||
"很绿",
|
||
"绿色"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"花儿": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "huār",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "fleur",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"花儿开了",
|
||
"在花儿前照相"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"开": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "kāi",
|
||
"type": "verb",
|
||
"user_language": "s'ouvrir, fleurir; ouvrir; allumer",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"花儿开了",
|
||
"开门",
|
||
"暖气一开"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"天气": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "tiānqì",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "météo, temps",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"天气暖和了",
|
||
"天气热了",
|
||
"天气不冷也不热"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"暖和": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "nuǎnhuo",
|
||
"type": "adjective",
|
||
"user_language": "chaud (agréable), doux",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"天气暖和了",
|
||
"屋子里很暖和",
|
||
"穿着很暖和"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"打扮": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "dǎban",
|
||
"type": "verb",
|
||
"user_language": "se faire beau/belle, s'habiller",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"打扮得漂漂亮亮的",
|
||
"好好打扮一下"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"照相": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "zhàoxiàng",
|
||
"type": "verb",
|
||
"user_language": "prendre des photos",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"在花儿前照相",
|
||
"去外边照相"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"歌声": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "gēshēng",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "chant, voix qui chante",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"年轻人的歌声和笑声",
|
||
"听到歌声"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"笑声": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "xiàoshēng",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "rires",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"歌声和笑声",
|
||
"充满了笑声"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"游泳": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "yóuyǒng",
|
||
"type": "verb",
|
||
"user_language": "nager",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"去游泳",
|
||
"喜欢游泳"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"散步": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "sànbù",
|
||
"type": "verb",
|
||
"user_language": "se promener",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"到外边散步",
|
||
"散步的人",
|
||
"吃完饭去散步"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"聊天儿": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "liáo tiānr",
|
||
"type": "verb",
|
||
"user_language": "bavarder, discuter",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"散步、聊天儿",
|
||
"一边走一边聊"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"马路": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "mǎlù",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "rue, route",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"马路边",
|
||
"过马路"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"愉快": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "yúkuài",
|
||
"type": "adjective",
|
||
"user_language": "joyeux, agréable",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"轻松而愉快",
|
||
"很愉快"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"暖气": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "nuǎnqì",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "chauffage",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"暖气一开",
|
||
"开暖气"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"屋子": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "wūzi",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "pièce, chambre, maison",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"屋子里很暖和",
|
||
"进屋子"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"情景": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "qíngjǐng",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "scène, tableau",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"这情景让人羡慕",
|
||
"美好的情景"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"羡慕": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "xiànmù",
|
||
"type": "verb",
|
||
"user_language": "envier, admirer",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"让人羡慕和向往",
|
||
"我真羡慕他"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"雪": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "xuě",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "neige",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"下雪",
|
||
"大雪",
|
||
"雪景"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"下雪": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "xià xuě",
|
||
"type": "verb phrase",
|
||
"user_language": "neiger",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"不常下雪",
|
||
"下了雪",
|
||
"下几场大雪"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"要是": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "yàoshi",
|
||
"type": "conjunction",
|
||
"user_language": "si",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"要是下了雪",
|
||
"要是你能去看看"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"过节": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "guò jié",
|
||
"type": "verb phrase",
|
||
"user_language": "fêter, célébrer une fête",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"像过节一样高兴",
|
||
"过春节"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"风光": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "fēngguāng",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "paysage, panorama",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"最美的风光",
|
||
"欣赏风光"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"雪景": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "xuějǐng",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "paysage enneigé",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"最美的风光就是雪景",
|
||
"看雪景"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"相机": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "xiàngjī",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "appareil photo",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"带上相机",
|
||
"用相机照相"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"雪地": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "xuědì",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "terrain enneigé",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"在雪地上跑",
|
||
"雪地里"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"脸": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "liǎn",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "visage",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"小脸冻得红红的",
|
||
"洗脸"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"手": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "shǒu",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "main",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"小手冻得红红的",
|
||
"洗手"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"红": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "hóng",
|
||
"type": "adjective",
|
||
"user_language": "rouge",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"冻得红红的",
|
||
"红叶",
|
||
"红色"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"刮风": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "guā fēng",
|
||
"type": "verb phrase",
|
||
"user_language": "le vent souffle",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"很少刮风",
|
||
"刮大风"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"周末": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "zhōumò",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "week-end",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"每到周末",
|
||
"这个周末"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"满": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "mǎn",
|
||
"type": "adjective",
|
||
"user_language": "plein",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"满山的红叶",
|
||
"满街都是"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"山": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "shān",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "montagne",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"满山的红叶",
|
||
"爬山"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"红叶": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "hóngyè",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "feuilles rouges (d'automne)",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"满山的红叶",
|
||
"看红叶"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"爬": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "pá",
|
||
"type": "verb",
|
||
"user_language": "grimper, escalader",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"爬香山",
|
||
"爬山"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"活动": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "huódòng",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "activité",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"最喜欢的活动",
|
||
"体育活动"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"放假": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "fàng jià",
|
||
"type": "verb phrase",
|
||
"user_language": "être en vacances",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"放假期间",
|
||
"国庆节放假"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"期间": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "qījiān",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "période, durant",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"放假期间",
|
||
"学习期间"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"正是": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "zhèngshì",
|
||
"type": "adverb",
|
||
"user_language": "précisément, exactement",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"正是最美的时候",
|
||
"正是这样"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"利用": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "lìyòng",
|
||
"type": "verb",
|
||
"user_language": "utiliser, profiter de",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"利用假期",
|
||
"利用时间"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"假期": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "jiàqī",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "vacances",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"利用假期",
|
||
"暑假期间"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"旅游": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "lǚyóu",
|
||
"type": "verb",
|
||
"user_language": "voyager, faire du tourisme",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"到北京来旅游",
|
||
"去旅游"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"广场": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "guǎngchǎng",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "place (publique)",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"天安门广场",
|
||
"在广场上"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"古老": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "gǔlǎo",
|
||
"type": "adjective",
|
||
"user_language": "ancien, antique",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"古老的国家",
|
||
"古老的城市"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"国家": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "guójiā",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "pays, nation",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"古老的国家",
|
||
"世界各国"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"年轻": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "niánqīng",
|
||
"type": "adjective",
|
||
"user_language": "jeune",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"显得多么年轻",
|
||
"年轻人"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"和平": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "hépíng",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "paix",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"热爱和平",
|
||
"世界和平"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"热情": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "rèqíng",
|
||
"type": "adjective",
|
||
"user_language": "chaleureux, enthousiaste",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"多么热情",
|
||
"热情友好",
|
||
"热情地欢迎"
|
||
]
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"proper_nouns": {
|
||
"北海": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "Běi Hǎi",
|
||
"user_language": "Parc Beihai (Beijing)",
|
||
"type": "place"
|
||
},
|
||
"香山": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "Xiāng Shān",
|
||
"user_language": "Collines Parfumées (Beijing)",
|
||
"type": "place"
|
||
},
|
||
"十三陵": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "Shísān Líng",
|
||
"user_language": "Tombeaux des Ming",
|
||
"type": "place"
|
||
},
|
||
"国庆节": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "Guóqìng Jié",
|
||
"user_language": "Fête Nationale (1er octobre)",
|
||
"type": "holiday"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"grammar": [
|
||
{
|
||
"id": "na_lai_shuo",
|
||
"title": "拿...来说 (ná...lái shuō)",
|
||
"pattern": "拿 + noun + 来 + verb (说/看/讲/比较/分析)",
|
||
"explanation": "Structure utilisée pour introduire un sujet ou un exemple. Équivaut à 'Prenons... par exemple' ou 'En ce qui concerne...'",
|
||
"user_language": "Prendre comme exemple, en ce qui concerne",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "就拿首都北京来说吧，从三月到五月是春季。",
|
||
"pinyin": "Jiù ná shǒudū Běijīng lái shuō ba, cóng sān yuè dào wǔ yuè shì chūnjì.",
|
||
"translation": "Prenons la capitale Beijing par exemple, de mars à mai c'est le printemps."
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "拿汉语的语法来说，很多人觉得很难。",
|
||
"pinyin": "Ná Hànyǔ de yǔfǎ lái shuō, hěn duō rén juéde hěn nán.",
|
||
"translation": "En ce qui concerne la grammaire chinoise, beaucoup de gens la trouvent difficile."
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "中国发展很快，拿人们的生活水平来说，比过去有很大的提高。",
|
||
"pinyin": "Zhōngguó fāzhǎn hěn kuài, ná rénmen de shēnghuó shuǐpíng lái shuō, bǐ guòqù yǒu hěn dà de tígāo.",
|
||
"translation": "La Chine se développe rapidement, en ce qui concerne le niveau de vie, il y a une grande amélioration par rapport au passé."
|
||
}
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"id": "verb_xia",
|
||
"title": "动词 + 下 (verb + xià)",
|
||
"pattern": "verb + 下",
|
||
"explanation": "Le complément directionnel '下' a deux usages principaux : 1) Indique l'achèvement d'une action avec séparation (enlever, retirer). 2) Indique un mouvement de haut en bas.",
|
||
"user_language": "Complément directionnel 'en bas, vers le bas' ou 'enlever'",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "人们脱下冬衣，换上春装。",
|
||
"pinyin": "Rénmen tuō xià dōngyī, huàn shàng chūnzhuāng.",
|
||
"translation": "Les gens enlèvent leurs vêtements d'hiver et mettent leurs habits de printemps.",
|
||
"note": "Séparation - enlever"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "请同学们快坐下，我们上课了。",
|
||
"pinyin": "Qǐng tóngxuémen kuài zuò xià, wǒmen shàngkè le.",
|
||
"translation": "Étudiants, asseyez-vous vite, on commence le cours.",
|
||
"note": "Mouvement vers le bas - s'asseoir"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "她感动得流下了眼泪。",
|
||
"pinyin": "Tā gǎndòng de liú xià le yǎnlèi.",
|
||
"translation": "Elle était si émue que les larmes ont coulé.",
|
||
"note": "Mouvement vers le bas"
|
||
}
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"id": "verb_shang",
|
||
"title": "动词 + 上 (verb + shàng)",
|
||
"pattern": "verb + 上",
|
||
"explanation": "Le complément directionnel '上' a deux usages principaux : 1) Indique le résultat d'une action (mettre, enfiler, fermer, tomber amoureux). 2) Indique un mouvement de bas en haut.",
|
||
"user_language": "Complément directionnel 'en haut, vers le haut' ou 'mettre, fermer'",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "人们脱下冬衣，换上春装。",
|
||
"pinyin": "Rénmen tuō xià dōngyī, huàn shàng chūnzhuāng.",
|
||
"translation": "Les gens enlèvent leurs vêtements d'hiver et mettent leurs habits de printemps.",
|
||
"note": "Résultat - mettre"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "也许你会爱上这个美丽的城市。",
|
||
"pinyin": "Yěxǔ nǐ huì ài shàng zhège měilì de chéngshì.",
|
||
"translation": "Peut-être que tu tomberas amoureux de cette belle ville.",
|
||
"note": "Résultat - tomber amoureux"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "他提着书爬上了十楼。",
|
||
"pinyin": "Tā tízhe shū pá shàng le shí lóu.",
|
||
"translation": "Il est monté au dixième étage en portant des livres.",
|
||
"note": "Mouvement vers le haut"
|
||
}
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"id": "duome",
|
||
"title": "多么 (duōme)",
|
||
"pattern": "多么 + adjective/verb",
|
||
"explanation": "Adverbe principalement utilisé dans les phrases exclamatives pour exprimer un haut degré. Usage similaire à '多' mais plus emphatique.",
|
||
"user_language": "Combien! Comme c'est! (exclamatif)",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "这个古老的国家如今显得多么年轻！",
|
||
"pinyin": "Zhège gǔlǎo de guójiā rújīn xiǎnde duōme niánqīng!",
|
||
"translation": "Comme ce pays ancien paraît jeune aujourd'hui!"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "那里的风景有多么美！",
|
||
"pinyin": "Nàlǐ de fēngjǐng yǒu duōme měi!",
|
||
"translation": "Comme les paysages là-bas sont beaux!"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "多么有意思啊！",
|
||
"pinyin": "Duōme yǒu yìsi a!",
|
||
"translation": "Comme c'est intéressant!"
|
||
}
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"id": "yexu",
|
||
"title": "也许 (yěxǔ)",
|
||
"pattern": "也许 + sentence",
|
||
"explanation": "Exprime la spéculation ou l'incertitude. Habituellement placé avant les verbes, adjectifs ou sujets comme adverbial.",
|
||
"user_language": "Peut-être, probablement",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "也许你会爱上这个美丽的城市，爱上这些热情友好的人们。",
|
||
"pinyin": "Yěxǔ nǐ huì ài shàng zhège měilì de chéngshì, ài shàng zhèxiē rèqíng yǒuhǎo de rénmen.",
|
||
"translation": "Peut-être que tu tomberas amoureux de cette belle ville et de ces gens chaleureux et amicaux."
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "别着急，再好好儿找找，也许能找到。",
|
||
"pinyin": "Bié zhāojí, zài hǎohāor zhǎozhao, yěxǔ néng zhǎodào.",
|
||
"translation": "Ne t'inquiète pas, cherche bien encore une fois, peut-être que tu le trouveras."
|
||
}
|
||
]
|
||
}
|
||
],
|
||
"texts": [
|
||
{
|
||
"id": "four_seasons_main",
|
||
"title": "北京的四季 (Four Seasons in Beijing)",
|
||
"type": "main_text",
|
||
"content": "中国的大部分地区，一年都有春、夏、秋、冬四个季节。就拿首都北京来说吧，从三月到五月是春季，六月到八月是夏季，九月到十一月是秋季，十二月到第二年的二月是冬季。\n\n春天来了，树绿了，花儿开了，天气暖和了。人们脱下冬衣，换上春装。姑娘和小伙子们打扮得漂漂亮亮的，他们在湖上划船，在花儿前照相，公园里充满了年轻人的歌声和笑声。颐和园、北海、香山、长城和十三陵……到处都可以看到来自世界各地的游人。\n\n夏天来了，天气热了。人们常常去游泳。吃完晚饭，工作了一天的人们喜欢到外边散步、聊天儿。马路边、公园里都有散步的人。他们一边走一边聊，显得轻松而愉快。\n\n北京的冬天比较冷，但是暖气一开，屋子里很暖和。到了冬天，人们喜欢吃火锅儿。一家几口人或三五个朋友，高高兴兴地围坐在火锅儿旁边，边吃，边喝，边聊，这情景让人羡慕和向往。\n\n北京的冬天不常下雪，但是，要是下了雪，人们就会像过节一样高兴。冬天最美的风光就是雪景了。很多人会带上相机去外边照相。孩子们一点儿也不怕冷，在雪地上跑啊跳啊，堆雪人儿，打雪仗，小脸和小手冻得红红的，玩儿得可高兴了。北京人喜欢雪。"瑞雪兆丰年"，冬天要是下几场大雪，第二年一定会有好收成。\n\n北京一年中最好的季节要数秋天了。天气不冷也不热，不常下雨，也很少刮风。大街上到处是鲜花，到处是瓜果。每到周末，人们都喜欢到郊外去玩儿。那满山的红叶是秋天最美丽的景色。爬香山、看红叶，是北京人最喜欢的活动。\n\n国庆节放假期间，正是北京一年中风景最美的时候。每到国庆节，全国各地很多游人都会利用假期到北京来旅游。要是你能到天安门广场去看看，就会知道，这个古老的国家如今显得多么年轻，你就会感到，勤劳善良、热爱和平的中国人是多么热情。也许你会爱上这个美丽的城市，爱上这些热情友好的人们。\n\n亲爱的朋友，愿你们在北京、在中国生活得平安快乐。",
|
||
"comprehension_questions": [
|
||
{
|
||
"question": "北京一年有几个季节？每个季节从几月到几月？",
|
||
"type": "open",
|
||
"answer": "北京一年有四个季节：春季（3-5月）、夏季（6-8月）、秋季（9-11月）、冬季（12月-次年2月）"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"question": "北京的春天有什么特点？",
|
||
"type": "open",
|
||
"answer": "树绿了，花儿开了，天气暖和，人们换上春装，公园里充满歌声和笑声，到处都是游人"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"question": "北京人冬天喜欢做什么？",
|
||
"type": "open",
|
||
"answer": "吃火锅儿、看雪景、堆雪人儿、打雪仗"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"question": "北京一年中最好的季节是什么？为什么？",
|
||
"type": "open",
|
||
"answer": "秋天。因为天气不冷也不热，不常下雨，也很少刮风，到处是鲜花和瓜果，红叶很美丽"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"question": ""瑞雪兆丰年"是什么意思？",
|
||
"type": "open",
|
||
"answer": "冬天下雪预示着第二年会有好收成（bonne récolte）"
|
||
}
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"id": "weather_dialogue",
|
||
"title": "谈论天气 (Talking About Weather)",
|
||
"type": "dialogue",
|
||
"content": "A: 啊——，好冷啊！\nB: 冷在三九嘛，现在才是头九，冷的时候还在后面呢。\nA: 什么？什么？你说的我怎么听不懂啊。什么"三九""头九"？\nB: 啊，中国人把冬天最冷的时候，叫作三九天。从冬至开始，每九天算一九。今天是12月25号，算头九。\nA: 这样啊。这么说，以后还会更冷啊。\nB: 当然。\nA: 我最怕冷了。每天早上都不想起床，所以常常迟到。\nB: 我怕热，但不怕冷。我喜欢冬天，也喜欢滑冰滑雪。\nA: 难怪你每天一早就出去锻炼。我可起不来。",
|
||
"notes": "Cultural note: 数九 (shǔjiǔ) - traditional Chinese way of counting winter days in periods of 9 days. 三九 (sānjiǔ) is the coldest period."
|
||
}
|
||
],
|
||
"exercises": [
|
||
{
|
||
"id": "ex_phonetics",
|
||
"type": "phonetics",
|
||
"title": "辨音辨调",
|
||
"instructions": "Distinguer les prononciations et tons similaires",
|
||
"items": [
|
||
{"pair1": "部分 (bùfen)", "pair2": "不分 (bù fēn)"},
|
||
{"pair1": "旅游 (lǚyóu)", "pair2": "理由 (lǐyóu)"},
|
||
{"pair1": "善良 (shànliáng)", "pair2": "商量 (shāngliang)"},
|
||
{"pair1": "鲜花 (xiānhuā)", "pair2": "闲话 (xiánhuà)"},
|
||
{"pair1": "和平 (hépíng)", "pair2": "合并 (hébìng)"},
|
||
{"pair1": "广场 (guǎngchǎng)", "pair2": "工厂 (gōngchǎng)"}
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"id": "ex_fill_blanks",
|
||
"type": "fill_in_blanks",
|
||
"title": "选词填空",
|
||
"instructions": "Choisir les bons mots pour remplir les blancs",
|
||
"word_bank": ["热爱", "向往", "脱", "多么", "数", "也许", "围", "划船", "冻", "充满"],
|
||
"questions": [
|
||
{
|
||
"sentence": "进屋要____鞋，觉得特麻烦。",
|
||
"answer": "脱",
|
||
"translation": "En entrant dans la maison il faut enlever les chaussures, c'est vraiment embêtant."
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"sentence": "星期天我们去公园____吧。",
|
||
"answer": "划船",
|
||
"translation": "Dimanche, allons ramer au parc."
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"sentence": "她对自己的未来____信心。",
|
||
"answer": "充满",
|
||
"translation": "Elle est remplie de confiance en son avenir."
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"sentence": "那是个让世界各国的人都十分____的地方。",
|
||
"answer": "向往",
|
||
"translation": "C'est un endroit que les gens du monde entier désirent ardemment."
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"sentence": "我的手已经____得没有感觉了。",
|
||
"answer": "冻",
|
||
"translation": "Mes mains sont déjà gelées au point de ne plus rien sentir."
|
||
}
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"id": "ex_grammar_practice",
|
||
"type": "grammar_practice",
|
||
"title": "用括号里的词语完成句子",
|
||
"instructions": "Compléter les phrases avec les mots entre parenthèses",
|
||
"questions": [
|
||
{
|
||
"prompt": "____________来说吧，刚来中国时，也特别想家。(拿)",
|
||
"sample_answer": "拿我",
|
||
"translation": "Prenons-moi par exemple, quand je suis arrivé en Chine, j'avais aussi très envie de rentrer."
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"prompt": "把大衣____________吧，我给您挂在这里。(动词+下)",
|
||
"sample_answer": "脱下",
|
||
"translation": "Enlevez votre manteau, je vais vous le suspendre ici."
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"prompt": "你是不是____________了？要不为什么常常去找她？(动词+上)",
|
||
"sample_answer": "爱上她",
|
||
"translation": "Es-tu tombé amoureux d'elle? Sinon pourquoi vas-tu souvent la voir?"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"prompt": "你不知道，我爸爸妈妈听到这个消息是____________。(多么)",
|
||
"sample_answer": "多么高兴",
|
||
"translation": "Tu ne sais pas comme mes parents étaient contents quand ils ont entendu cette nouvelle."
|
||
}
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"id": "ex_sentence_correction",
|
||
"type": "error_correction",
|
||
"title": "改错句",
|
||
"instructions": "Corriger les phrases incorrectes",
|
||
"questions": [
|
||
{
|
||
"incorrect": "我很喜欢北京，大街上有很多树，很绿色。",
|
||
"correct": "我很喜欢北京，大街上有很多树，很绿。",
|
||
"explanation": "绿色 (lǜsè) est un nom 'la couleur verte', mais on a besoin de l'adjectif 绿 (lǜ). On ne dit pas 很绿色 mais 很绿."
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"incorrect": "中国的大街上到处充满了电动车。",
|
||
"correct": "中国的大街上到处都是电动车。/ 中国的大街上充满了电动车。",
|
||
"explanation": "到处 (partout) et 充满 (rempli de) sont redondants. On utilise soit 到处都是... soit 充满了..."
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"incorrect": "我非常热爱我的女朋友。",
|
||
"correct": "我非常爱我的女朋友。",
|
||
"explanation": "热爱 est trop formel et s'utilise pour la patrie, le peuple, la paix. Pour une relation amoureuse, on utilise 爱 ou 喜欢."
|
||
}
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"id": "ex_cloze_test",
|
||
"type": "cloze",
|
||
"title": "综合填空 - 一把雨伞",
|
||
"text": "去年秋天的一个星期天，我和爱人带孩子去爬山。刚刚两岁①____儿子，玩儿得很高兴。这时，一阵风刮来，抬头一看，刚才还蓝蓝的天上，不知什么时候起②____乌云，很快就开始掉雨点了...",
|
||
"translation": "Un dimanche d'automne l'année dernière..."
|
||
}
|
||
]
|
||
}
|