StillHammer
4ebc31dd5f
Complete course materials, notes, and learning tools for Jiaotong Daxue intensive Chinese program. 🤖 Generated with [Claude Code](https://claude.com/claude-code) Co-Authored-By: Claude <noreply@anthropic.com>
1174 lines
38 KiB
Plaintext
1174 lines
38 KiB
Plaintext
{
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"id": "hanyu-chapter4",
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"book_id": "hanyu-jiaocheng",
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"name": "理想 (Lǐxiǎng) - Ideal",
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"description": "Stories about pursuing dreams, overcoming difficulties, and persevering toward one's ideals. Learn about studying Chinese, making friends, and facing challenges.",
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"difficulty": "intermediate",
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"language": "zh-CN",
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"chapter_number": "4",
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"metadata": {
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"version": "1.0",
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"created": "2025-10-23",
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"updated": "2025-10-23",
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"source": "Hanyu Jiaocheng - Jiaotong University",
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"target_level": "intermediate",
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"estimated_hours": 12,
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"prerequisites": ["hanyu-chapter1", "hanyu-chapter2", "hanyu-chapter3"],
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"learning_objectives": [
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"Master 40+ vocabulary terms related to ideals, dreams, and life choices",
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"Understand patterns: 一点儿+也/都+不, 当然, 不过, 简直",
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"Learn adverbs: 从 (ever), 偷偷儿 (secretly)",
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"Practice 动词+着+动词+着 structure",
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"Develop reading comprehension about personal growth and perseverance"
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],
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"content_tags": ["ideals", "dreams", "study-abroad", "perseverance", "life-choices"],
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"completion_criteria": {
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"vocabulary_mastery": 85,
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"comprehension_score": 80,
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"exercises_completed": 20
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}
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},
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"vocabulary": {
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"中学": {
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"pronunciation": "zhōngxué",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "collège et lycée (middle & high school)",
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"examples": [
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"中学毕业",
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"上中学"
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]
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},
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"毕业": {
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"pronunciation": "bìyè",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "obtenir son diplôme, terminer ses études",
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"examples": [
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"中学毕业那年",
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"大学毕业"
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]
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},
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"考": {
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"pronunciation": "kǎo",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "passer un examen, examiner",
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"examples": [
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"考什么大学",
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"考试",
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"考上大学"
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]
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},
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"大学": {
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"pronunciation": "dàxué",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "université",
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"examples": [
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"考上大学",
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"上大学",
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"北京大学"
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]
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},
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"清楚": {
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"pronunciation": "qīngchu",
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"type": "adjective",
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"user_language": "clair, net",
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"examples": [
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"我也不清楚",
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"说得很清楚"
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]
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},
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"电影": {
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"pronunciation": "diànyǐng",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "film",
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"examples": [
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"看电影",
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"一个电影"
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]
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},
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"介绍": {
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"pronunciation": "jièshào",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "présenter, introduire",
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"examples": [
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"介绍中国文化",
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"介绍朋友"
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]
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},
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"文化": {
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"pronunciation": "wénhuà",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "culture",
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"examples": [
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"中国文化",
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"文化知识"
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]
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},
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"有意思": {
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"pronunciation": "yǒu yìsi",
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"type": "adjective phrase",
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"user_language": "intéressant",
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"examples": [
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"很有意思",
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"多么有意思"
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]
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},
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"将来": {
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"pronunciation": "jiānglái",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "futur, avenir",
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"examples": [
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"将来当翻译",
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"将来的计划"
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]
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},
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"翻译": {
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"pronunciation": "fānyì",
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"type": "noun, verb",
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"user_language": "traducteur; traduire",
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"examples": [
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"当翻译",
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"翻译这本书"
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]
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},
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"想法": {
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"pronunciation": "xiǎngfǎ",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "idée, opinion",
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"examples": [
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"我的想法",
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"好想法"
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]
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},
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"考上": {
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"pronunciation": "kǎo shàng",
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"type": "verb complement",
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"user_language": "réussir l'examen d'entrée",
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"examples": [
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"考上了大学",
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"考上北京大学"
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],
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"notes": "Résultat positif de 考"
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},
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"暑假": {
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"pronunciation": "shǔjià",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "vacances d'été",
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"examples": [
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"暑假期间",
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"暑假去旅游"
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]
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},
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"了解": {
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"pronunciation": "liǎojiě",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "comprendre, connaître",
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"examples": [
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"对中国的了解太少",
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"了解情况"
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]
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},
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"困难": {
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"pronunciation": "kùnnan",
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"type": "noun, adjective",
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"user_language": "difficulté; difficile",
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"examples": [
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"遇到困难",
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"很困难"
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]
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},
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"好心人": {
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"pronunciation": "hǎoxīnrén",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "personne bienveillante, bon samaritain",
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"examples": [
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"得到好心人的帮助"
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]
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},
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"帮助": {
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"pronunciation": "bāngzhù",
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"type": "verb, noun",
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"user_language": "aider; aide",
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"examples": [
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"需要帮助",
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"帮助我",
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"得到帮助"
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]
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},
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"火车": {
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"pronunciation": "huǒchē",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "train",
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"examples": [
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"坐火车",
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"火车票"
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]
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},
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"愿意": {
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"pronunciation": "yuànyì",
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"type": "auxiliary verb",
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"user_language": "vouloir bien, être prêt à",
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"examples": [
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"要是你愿意",
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"我愿意帮你"
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]
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},
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"互相": {
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"pronunciation": "hùxiāng",
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"type": "adverb",
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"user_language": "mutuellement, l'un l'autre",
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"examples": [
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"互相学习",
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"互相帮助"
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]
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},
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"导游": {
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"pronunciation": "dǎoyóu",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "guide touristique",
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"examples": [
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"成了我的导游",
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"当导游"
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]
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},
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"有名": {
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"pronunciation": "yǒumíng",
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"type": "adjective",
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"user_language": "célèbre, renommé",
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"examples": [
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"有名的地方",
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"很有名"
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]
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},
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"肯定": {
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"pronunciation": "kěndìng",
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"type": "adverb, adjective",
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"user_language": "certainement; certain",
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"examples": [
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"肯定会再来",
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"我很肯定"
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]
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},
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"实现": {
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"pronunciation": "shíxiàn",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "réaliser, accomplir",
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"examples": [
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"实现理想",
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"实现梦想"
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]
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},
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"歌": {
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"pronunciation": "gē",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "chanson",
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"examples": [
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"一首中文歌",
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"唱歌"
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]
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},
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"歌词": {
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"pronunciation": "gēcí",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "paroles (de chanson)",
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"examples": [
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"一句歌词",
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"歌词很美"
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]
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},
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"经历": {
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"pronunciation": "jīnglì",
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"type": "verb, noun",
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"user_language": "vivre, expérimenter; expérience",
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"examples": [
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"不经历风雨",
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"人生经历"
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]
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},
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"尝": {
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"pronunciation": "cháng",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "goûter, expérimenter",
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"examples": [
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"尝到了酸甜苦辣",
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"尝尝这个菜"
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]
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},
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"哭": {
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"pronunciation": "kū",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "pleurer",
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"examples": [
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"一个人哭",
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"哭着哭着就睡着了"
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]
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},
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"睡着": {
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"pronunciation": "shuìzháo",
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"type": "verb complement",
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"user_language": "s'endormir (résultat)",
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"examples": [
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"哭着哭着就睡着了",
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"已经睡着了"
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]
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},
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"家乡": {
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"pronunciation": "jiāxiāng",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "ville natale, région d'origine",
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"examples": [
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"梦见了家乡",
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"我的家乡"
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]
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},
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"输": {
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"pronunciation": "shū",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "perdre (compétition)",
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"examples": [
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"输了",
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"不想输"
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]
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},
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"回国": {
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"pronunciation": "huí guó",
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"type": "verb phrase",
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"user_language": "rentrer au pays",
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"examples": [
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"父母叫我回国",
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"回国工作"
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]
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},
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"留学": {
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"pronunciation": "liúxué",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "étudier à l'étranger",
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"examples": [
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"来中国留学",
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"留学生活"
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]
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},
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"各种各样": {
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"pronunciation": "gèzhǒng gèyàng",
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"type": "adjective phrase",
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"user_language": "toutes sortes de",
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"examples": [
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"各种各样的困难",
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"各种各样的人"
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]
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},
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"坚持": {
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"pronunciation": "jiānchí",
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"type": "verb",
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"user_language": "persister, persévérer",
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"examples": [
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"坚持下去",
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"坚持就是胜利"
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]
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},
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"胜利": {
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"pronunciation": "shènglì",
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"type": "noun, verb",
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"user_language": "victoire; gagner",
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"examples": [
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"坚持就是胜利",
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"取得胜利"
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]
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},
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"老师": {
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"pronunciation": "lǎoshī",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "professeur, enseignant",
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"examples": [
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"老师鼓励我",
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"当老师"
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]
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},
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"努力": {
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"pronunciation": "nǔlì",
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"type": "verb, adjective",
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"user_language": "faire des efforts; travailleur",
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"examples": [
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"艰苦的努力",
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"努力学习"
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]
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},
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"必须": {
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"pronunciation": "bìxū",
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"type": "auxiliary verb",
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"user_language": "devoir, falloir",
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"examples": [
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"必须付出努力",
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"必须坚持"
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]
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},
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"理想": {
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"pronunciation": "lǐxiǎng",
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"type": "noun, adjective",
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"user_language": "idéal, rêve pour l'avenir",
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"examples": [
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"我的理想是当翻译",
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"理想的工作",
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"美好的理想",
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"实现理想"
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]
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},
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"专业": {
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"pronunciation": "zhuānyè",
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"type": "noun, adjective",
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"user_language": "spécialité, domaine d'étude; professionnel",
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"examples": [
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"学什么专业",
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"我的专业是中文",
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"选择专业"
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]
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},
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"当时": {
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"pronunciation": "dāngshí",
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"type": "noun",
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"user_language": "à ce moment-là, alors",
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"examples": [
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"我当时就想",
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"当时的情况"
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]
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},
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"赞成": {
|
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"pronunciation": "zànchéng",
|
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"type": "verb",
|
||
"user_language": "approuver, être d'accord",
|
||
"examples": [
|
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"妈妈十分赞成",
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"我赞成你的意见",
|
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"大家都赞成"
|
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]
|
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},
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"系": {
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"pronunciation": "xì",
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||
"type": "noun",
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||
"user_language": "département (universitaire)",
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||
"examples": [
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"中文系",
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"历史系",
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||
"数学系"
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]
|
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},
|
||
"著名": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "zhùmíng",
|
||
"type": "adjective",
|
||
"user_language": "célèbre, renommé",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"著名的风景区",
|
||
"著名的大学",
|
||
"著名的作家"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"旅途": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "lǚtú",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "voyage, trajet",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"旅途中遇到困难",
|
||
"旅途很辛苦"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"宾馆": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "bīnguǎn",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "hôtel",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"找宾馆",
|
||
"住宾馆",
|
||
"五星级宾馆"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"地图": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "dìtú",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "carte (géographique)",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"看地图",
|
||
"北京地图",
|
||
"世界地图"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"对面": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "duìmiàn",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "en face, vis-à-vis",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"坐在我对面",
|
||
"对面的人",
|
||
"房子对面"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"好像": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "hǎoxiàng",
|
||
"type": "adverb",
|
||
"user_language": "sembler, avoir l'air de",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"好像看出了我的心事",
|
||
"他好像生病了",
|
||
"好像要下雨"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"心事": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "xīnshì",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "souci, préoccupation",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"看出了我的心事",
|
||
"他有心事",
|
||
"心事重重"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"交谈": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "jiāotán",
|
||
"type": "verb",
|
||
"user_language": "converser, discuter",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"我们开始了交谈",
|
||
"交谈了很久",
|
||
"愉快地交谈"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"所": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "suǒ",
|
||
"type": "measure word",
|
||
"user_language": "classificateur pour maisons, écoles, hôpitaux",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"一所大学",
|
||
"两所学校",
|
||
"几所医院"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"简直": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "jiǎnzhí",
|
||
"type": "adverb",
|
||
"user_language": "simplement, carrément, pratiquement",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"她简直成了我的导游",
|
||
"简直不相信",
|
||
"简直一点儿也听不懂"
|
||
],
|
||
"notes": "Utilisé pour emphase ou exagération"
|
||
},
|
||
"分别": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "fēnbié",
|
||
"type": "verb",
|
||
"user_language": "se séparer, se quitter",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"分别的时候",
|
||
"和朋友分别",
|
||
"分别很久了"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"彩虹": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "cǎihóng",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "arc-en-ciel",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"怎么见彩虹",
|
||
"雨后出现了彩虹"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"意义": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "yìyì",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "signification, sens, importance",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"很有意义",
|
||
"有什么意义",
|
||
"重要的意义"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"风雨": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "fēngyǔ",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "vent et pluie; épreuves et difficultés",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"不经历风雨",
|
||
"经历了很多风雨"
|
||
],
|
||
"notes": "Sens figuré: épreuves de la vie"
|
||
},
|
||
"成功": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "chénggōng",
|
||
"type": "verb, adjective",
|
||
"user_language": "réussir; succès",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"随随便便成功",
|
||
"取得成功",
|
||
"成功的人"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"从": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "cóng",
|
||
"type": "adverb",
|
||
"user_language": "jamais (utilisé avec négation = 从来)",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"从没有尝过",
|
||
"从来不吸烟",
|
||
"从没来过"
|
||
],
|
||
"notes": "Équivaut à 从来 dans usage négatif"
|
||
},
|
||
"酸甜苦辣": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "suān-tián-kǔ-là",
|
||
"type": "idiom",
|
||
"user_language": "aigre, doux, amer, épicé; les joies et peines de la vie",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"尝到了酸甜苦辣",
|
||
"人生的酸甜苦辣"
|
||
],
|
||
"notes": "Expression idiomatique pour les expériences de vie"
|
||
},
|
||
"段": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "duàn",
|
||
"type": "measure word",
|
||
"user_language": "période (de temps); paragraphe; partie",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"有一段时间",
|
||
"一段路",
|
||
"这一段"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"梦": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "mèng",
|
||
"type": "noun, verb",
|
||
"user_language": "rêve; rêver",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"做了一个梦",
|
||
"在梦中",
|
||
"梦见了家乡"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"亲人": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "qīnrén",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "proche, membre de la famille",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"梦见了家乡的亲人",
|
||
"我的亲人",
|
||
"思念亲人"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"女儿": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "nǚ'ér",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "fille",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"你们的傻女儿",
|
||
"我的女儿",
|
||
"独生女儿"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"失败": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "shībài",
|
||
"type": "verb",
|
||
"user_language": "échouer",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"失败了",
|
||
"不怕失败",
|
||
"失败是成功之母"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"失去": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "shīqù",
|
||
"type": "verb",
|
||
"user_language": "perdre",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"失去了信心",
|
||
"失去机会",
|
||
"失去朋友"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"信心": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "xìnxīn",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "confiance",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"失去了信心",
|
||
"充满信心",
|
||
"有信心"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"选择": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "xuǎnzé",
|
||
"type": "verb",
|
||
"user_language": "choisir, sélectionner",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"自己选择的道路",
|
||
"选择专业",
|
||
"选择朋友"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"道路": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "dàolù",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "route, chemin; voie (figuré)",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"人生的道路",
|
||
"选择的道路",
|
||
"正确的道路"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"人生": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "rénshēng",
|
||
"type": "noun",
|
||
"user_language": "vie (existence humaine)",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"人生的道路",
|
||
"人生经历",
|
||
"人生哲学"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"退缩": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "tuìsuō",
|
||
"type": "verb",
|
||
"user_language": "reculer, se dérober",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"遇到困难就退缩",
|
||
"不能退缩",
|
||
"退缩不前"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"取得": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "qǔdé",
|
||
"type": "verb",
|
||
"user_language": "obtenir, acquérir",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"取得成功",
|
||
"取得进步",
|
||
"取得好成绩"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"鼓励": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "gǔlì",
|
||
"type": "verb",
|
||
"user_language": "encourager",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"老师鼓励我",
|
||
"鼓励自己",
|
||
"互相鼓励"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"梦想": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "mèngxiǎng",
|
||
"type": "noun, verb",
|
||
"user_language": "rêve, aspiration; rêver de",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"我的梦想",
|
||
"梦想成真",
|
||
"梦想当老师"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"可笑": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "kěxiào",
|
||
"type": "adjective",
|
||
"user_language": "ridicule, risible",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"觉得自己很可笑",
|
||
"可笑的事",
|
||
"这太可笑了"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"坚强": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "jiānqiáng",
|
||
"type": "adjective",
|
||
"user_language": "fort, solide, résistant",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"坚强一些",
|
||
"坚强的人",
|
||
"意志坚强"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"付出": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "fùchū",
|
||
"type": "verb",
|
||
"user_language": "payer, donner, consacrer",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"付出艰苦的努力",
|
||
"付出代价",
|
||
"付出时间"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"艰苦": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "jiānkǔ",
|
||
"type": "adjective",
|
||
"user_language": "dur, difficile, pénible",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"艰苦的努力",
|
||
"艰苦的生活",
|
||
"条件艰苦"
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
"偷偷儿": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "tōutōur",
|
||
"type": "adverb",
|
||
"user_language": "secrètement, en cachette",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
"一个人偷偷地哭",
|
||
"偷偷儿离开",
|
||
"偷偷儿放在书包里"
|
||
]
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"proper_nouns": {
|
||
"南京": {
|
||
"pronunciation": "Nánjīng",
|
||
"user_language": "Nanjing (capitale du Jiangsu)",
|
||
"type": "place"
|
||
}
|
||
},
|
||
"grammar": [
|
||
{
|
||
"id": "yidianr_ye_bu",
|
||
"title": "一点儿 + 也/都 + 不/没……",
|
||
"pattern": "一点儿 + 也/都 + 不/没 + verb/adjective",
|
||
"explanation": "Structure de négation totale. '一点儿' avant les mots négatifs exprime une négation complète, équivalent à 'pas du tout' ou 'absolument pas'.",
|
||
"user_language": "Pas du tout, absolument pas",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "我对南京一点儿也不了解。",
|
||
"pinyin": "Wǒ duì Nánjīng yìdiǎnr yě bù liǎojiě.",
|
||
"translation": "Je ne connais absolument rien de Nanjing."
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "你说的这件事我一点儿都不知道。",
|
||
"pinyin": "Nǐ shuō de zhè jiàn shì wǒ yìdiǎnr dōu bù zhīdào.",
|
||
"translation": "Je ne sais absolument rien de ce dont tu parles."
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "我一点儿也听不懂中国人说的话。",
|
||
"pinyin": "Wǒ yìdiǎnr yě tīng bu dǒng Zhōngguórén shuō de huà.",
|
||
"translation": "Je ne comprends absolument rien à ce que disent les Chinois."
|
||
}
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"id": "dangran",
|
||
"title": "当然 (dāngrán)",
|
||
"pattern": "当然 + sentence / sentence + 当然",
|
||
"explanation": "Exprime l'affirmation et la certitude. Signifie que quelque chose est évident ou va de soi. Peut être placé avant un verbe, avant un sujet, ou utilisé seul pour répondre.",
|
||
"user_language": "Certainement, bien sûr, naturellement",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "这样当然好，不过，会不会太麻烦你了？",
|
||
"pinyin": "Zhèyàng dāngrán hǎo, búguò, huì bu huì tài máfan nǐ le?",
|
||
"translation": "Bien sûr que ce serait bien, mais est-ce que ça ne te dérangerait pas trop?"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "能考上理想的大学当然好。",
|
||
"pinyin": "Néng kǎo shàng lǐxiǎng de dàxué dāngrán hǎo.",
|
||
"translation": "Bien sûr que ce serait bien d'entrer dans l'université de ses rêves."
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "A：你也想去桂林旅行吗？ B：当然。",
|
||
"pinyin": "A: Nǐ yě xiǎng qù Guìlín lǚxíng ma? B: Dāngrán.",
|
||
"translation": "A: Tu veux aussi voyager à Guilin? B: Bien sûr."
|
||
}
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"id": "buguo",
|
||
"title": "不过 (búguò)",
|
||
"pattern": "sentence1, 不过 + sentence2",
|
||
"explanation": "Indique un changement ou contraste de sens, similaire à 但是 mais avec un ton plus doux. Plus commun à l'oral. Introduit une qualification ou léger contraste.",
|
||
"user_language": "Mais, cependant (ton plus doux que 但是)",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "这样当然好，不过，会不会太麻烦你了？",
|
||
"pinyin": "Zhèyàng dāngrán hǎo, búguò, huì bu huì tài máfan nǐ le?",
|
||
"translation": "Ce serait bien, mais est-ce que ça ne te dérangerait pas trop?"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "房间不大，不过一个人够住了。",
|
||
"pinyin": "Fángjiān bú dà, búguò yí ge rén gòu zhù le.",
|
||
"translation": "La chambre n'est pas grande, mais c'est suffisant pour une personne."
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "这一课的生词比较多，不过都不难。",
|
||
"pinyin": "Zhè yí kè de shēngcí bǐjiào duō, búguò dōu bù nán.",
|
||
"translation": "Cette leçon a beaucoup de nouveaux mots, mais ils ne sont pas difficiles."
|
||
}
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"id": "jianzhi",
|
||
"title": "简直 (jiǎnzhí)",
|
||
"pattern": "简直 + verb/adjective",
|
||
"explanation": "Adverbe placé avant les verbes pour souligner qu'une chose est complètement ou presque complètement vraie. Porte un ton exagéré ou emphatique.",
|
||
"user_language": "Simplement, carrément, pratiquement (emphase)",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "她简直成了我的导游。",
|
||
"pinyin": "Tā jiǎnzhí chéng le wǒ de dǎoyóu.",
|
||
"translation": "Elle est pratiquement devenue mon guide touristique."
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "他说的是什么？我简直一点儿也听不懂。",
|
||
"pinyin": "Tā shuō de shì shénme? Wǒ jiǎnzhí yìdiǎnr yě tīng bu dǒng.",
|
||
"translation": "Qu'est-ce qu'il dit? Je ne comprends absolument rien."
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "她汉语说得简直跟中国人一样。",
|
||
"pinyin": "Tā Hànyǔ shuō de jiǎnzhí gēn Zhōngguórén yíyàng.",
|
||
"translation": "Elle parle chinois pratiquement comme une Chinoise."
|
||
}
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"id": "cong_negative",
|
||
"title": "从 (cóng) - ever",
|
||
"pattern": "从 + 不/没 + verb",
|
||
"explanation": "L'adverbe '从' signifie '从来' et indique qu'une chose a été vraie du passé jusqu'à maintenant. Utilisé avec négation pour exprimer 'jamais'.",
|
||
"user_language": "Jamais (= 从来 avec négation)",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "以前从没有尝过的酸甜苦辣。",
|
||
"pinyin": "Yǐqián cóng méiyǒu cháng guò de suān-tián-kǔ-là.",
|
||
"translation": "Les joies et peines de la vie que je n'avais jamais goûtées auparavant."
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "我从来不吸烟。",
|
||
"pinyin": "Wǒ cónglái bù xīyān.",
|
||
"translation": "Je ne fume jamais."
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "我以前从没来过中国。",
|
||
"pinyin": "Wǒ yǐqián cóng méi lái guò Zhōngguó.",
|
||
"translation": "Je n'étais jamais venu en Chine auparavant."
|
||
}
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"id": "toutour",
|
||
"title": "偷偷(儿) (tōutōur)",
|
||
"pattern": "偷偷(儿) + verb",
|
||
"explanation": "Signifie faire quelque chose secrètement ou sans que les autres ne le sachent. Placé avant les verbes ou adjectifs comme modificateur adverbial.",
|
||
"user_language": "Secrètement, en cachette",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "我常常一个人偷偷地哭。",
|
||
"pinyin": "Wǒ chángcháng yí ge rén tōutōu de kū.",
|
||
"translation": "Je pleurais souvent secrètement toute seule."
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "他看大家不注意，就偷偷儿离开了。",
|
||
"pinyin": "Tā kàn dàjiā bù zhùyì, jiù tōutōur líkāi le.",
|
||
"translation": "Voyant que personne ne faisait attention, il est parti en cachette."
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "她偷偷儿把一封信放在了我的书包里。",
|
||
"pinyin": "Tā tōutōur bǎ yì fēng xìn fàng zài le wǒ de shūbāo lǐ.",
|
||
"translation": "Elle a secrètement mis une lettre dans mon cartable."
|
||
}
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"id": "verb_zhe_verb_zhe",
|
||
"title": "动词+着 + 动词+着",
|
||
"pattern": "verb1+着 + verb1+着 + result",
|
||
"explanation": "La structure avec duplication de 'verbe + 着' indique que pendant qu'une action est en cours, une autre action se produit ensuite, souvent avec un résultat inattendu.",
|
||
"user_language": "En faisant... en faisant... (résultat inattendu)",
|
||
"examples": [
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "有时哭着哭着就睡着了。",
|
||
"pinyin": "Yǒushí kū zhe kū zhe jiù shuìzháo le.",
|
||
"translation": "Parfois je m'endormais en pleurant."
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "她说着说着突然笑了起来。",
|
||
"pinyin": "Tā shuō zhe shuō zhe túrán xiào le qǐlái.",
|
||
"translation": "En parlant, elle s'est soudainement mise à rire."
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "上课的时候，常常听着听着就困了。",
|
||
"pinyin": "Shàngkè de shíhou, chángcháng tīng zhe tīng zhe jiù kùn le.",
|
||
"translation": "En cours, je m'endors souvent en écoutant."
|
||
}
|
||
]
|
||
}
|
||
],
|
||
"texts": [
|
||
{
|
||
"id": "ideal_main_text",
|
||
"title": "理想 (Ideal)",
|
||
"type": "main_text",
|
||
"content": "中学毕业那年，要考什么大学，要学什么专业，我自己也不清楚。一次我和朋友看了一个电影，这个电影是介绍中国文化的，很有意思。我当时就想，学习中文，将来当翻译怎么样？妈妈知道了我的想法，十分赞成。就这样，我考上了大学中文系。\n\n大学三年级暑假，我第一次来到中国，在北京语言大学学习了四个星期。学完以后，又到中国一些著名的风景区旅游了一个月。这时才知道，自己对中国的了解太少了。\n\n因为汉语说得不好，旅途中遇到了很多困难。但是，每次遇到困难时，我都会得到好心人的帮助。\n\n一次，我坐火车去南京。我对南京一点儿也不了解，火车到南京的时间又是晚上，怎么去找宾馆，怎么买去上海的火车票，我都不知道。我看着地图，心里真有点儿着急。\n\n坐在我对面的一个姑娘，好像看出了我的心事，就用英语问我是不是留学生，需要不需要她帮助。她的英语说得很好。我就对她说了自己遇到的困难。她说："别担心，我也是在南京下车，下车以后，你就跟我走吧。"\n\n就这样，我们开始了交谈。她是南京一所大学的学生。她说："要是你愿意，我可以带你到南京的一些风景区去看看。"我说："这样当然好，不过，会不会太麻烦你了？"她说："现在正好是假期，我有空儿。我们可以互相学习，我帮你练汉语，你也帮我练练英语。"\n\n就这样，我交了第一个中国朋友。\n\n在南京玩儿了三天。这三天里，她简直成了我的导游，带我去了南京很多有名的地方，又帮我买了去上海的火车票。分别的时候，她说，欢迎你再来。我说，肯定会再来的。我一定要把汉语学好，实现自己当翻译的理想。",
|
||
"comprehension_questions": [
|
||
{
|
||
"question": ""我"为什么要学习中文？",
|
||
"type": "open",
|
||
"answer": "看了一个介绍中国文化的电影后，想将来当翻译"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"question": ""我"第一次来中国是什么时候？来做什么？",
|
||
"type": "open",
|
||
"answer": "大学三年级暑假，在北京语言大学学习四个星期，然后旅游一个月"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"question": ""我"在旅途中遇到了什么困难？是谁帮助了"我"？",
|
||
"type": "open",
|
||
"answer": "去南京时不知道怎么找宾馆和买票。一个坐在对面的女大学生帮助了我"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"question": ""我"的理想是什么？",
|
||
"type": "open",
|
||
"answer": "学好汉语，实现当翻译的理想"
|
||
}
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"id": "rainbow_text",
|
||
"title": "要见彩虹 (To See the Rainbow)",
|
||
"type": "extended_text",
|
||
"content": "最近，我学会了一首中文歌，很好听，也很有意义。里边有一句歌词，让我想了很多很多。这句歌词是：不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹？没有人能随随便便成功。\n\n我来中国已经半年了，半年的留学生活让我尝到了以前从没有尝过的酸甜苦辣。有一段时间我常常一个人偷偷地哭，有时哭着哭着就睡着了。在梦中，我梦见了家乡，梦见了家乡的亲人。在梦中我对父母说："你们的傻女儿输了，失败了，对学习、对自己都失去了信心。"\n\n父母打电话叫我回国，但是，我想我不能回国。来中国留学，学习汉语，这是我自己选择的道路。人生的道路上肯定会遇到各种各样的困难，要是一遇到困难就退缩，怎么可能取得成功呢？我决定坚持下去。老师也常鼓励我说：坚持就是胜利。\n\n我的梦想是当一个汉语老师，不学好汉语怎么能当汉语老师呢？\n\n想到这儿，就觉得自己很可笑，都十八岁了，已经不是小孩子了，为什么一遇到困难就哭呢？为什么不能坚强一些呢？\n\n我心中又唱起了这首歌：不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹？没有人能随随便便成功。是啊，要成功，就必须付出艰苦的努力。",
|
||
"comprehension_questions": [
|
||
{
|
||
"question": ""我"学会了一首什么歌？歌词的意思是什么？",
|
||
"type": "open",
|
||
"answer": "一首中文歌，歌词是：不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹？没有人能随随便便成功。意思是要成功必须经历困难和付出努力"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"question": ""我"为什么常常一个人偷偷地哭？",
|
||
"type": "open",
|
||
"answer": "因为留学生活很艰苦，尝到了酸甜苦辣，对学习和自己失去了信心"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"question": ""我"为什么要坚持下去？",
|
||
"type": "open",
|
||
"answer": "因为这是自己选择的道路，梦想是当汉语老师，不能一遇到困难就退缩"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"question": "这个故事告诉我们什么道理？",
|
||
"type": "open",
|
||
"answer": "要成功就必须付出艰苦的努力，遇到困难不能退缩，要坚持下去"
|
||
}
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"id": "asking_advice_dialogue",
|
||
"title": "请教(2) - Asking for Advice",
|
||
"type": "dialogue",
|
||
"content": "A: 老师，我想请教一下儿，怎样才能更快地提高汉语水平呢？\nB: 你将来打算做什么工作？\nA: 我想当翻译。\nB: 好啊。不过要当翻译，除了汉语能力，还需要掌握很多文化知识。\nA: 我知道，当翻译很不容易。我感到最缺的也是文化知识。我的汉语也还不行，特别是读写，困难很大。您让我们写日记或周记，我也想写，可是，坐在电脑前，想半天也不知道该写什么。\nB: 我想主要是读的书少，脑子里没有多少词。\nA: 是！那我应该读些什么书呢？\nB: 真想当翻译的话，我建议你给自己做一个读书计划，并下决心去完成它。多读书，不但可以提高读和写的能力，还能掌握很多文化知识，对将来当翻译肯定有用。\nA: 我试试吧。谢谢老师！"
|
||
}
|
||
],
|
||
"exercises": [
|
||
{
|
||
"id": "ex_phonetics_ch4",
|
||
"type": "phonetics",
|
||
"title": "辨音辨调",
|
||
"instructions": "Distinguer les prononciations et tons similaires",
|
||
"items": [
|
||
{"pair1": "专业 (zhuānyè)", "pair2": "转业 (zhuǎnyè)"},
|
||
{"pair1": "著名 (zhùmíng)", "pair2": "出名 (chūmíng)"},
|
||
{"pair1": "心事 (xīnshì)", "pair2": "新诗 (xīnshī)"},
|
||
{"pair1": "当然 (dāngrán)", "pair2": "坦然 (tǎnrán)"},
|
||
{"pair1": "简直 (jiǎnzhí)", "pair2": "兼职 (jiānzhí)"},
|
||
{"pair1": "人生 (rénshēng)", "pair2": "人参 (rénshēn)"}
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"id": "ex_famous_sayings",
|
||
"type": "reading",
|
||
"title": "朗读名言",
|
||
"instructions": "Lire à haute voix ces proverbes célèbres",
|
||
"items": [
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "书到用时方恨少，事非经过不知难。",
|
||
"pinyin": "Shū dào yòng shí fāng hèn shǎo, shì fēi jīngguò bù zhī nán.",
|
||
"translation": "C'est seulement quand on a besoin de connaissances qu'on regrette d'avoir peu étudié; c'est seulement après avoir vécu quelque chose qu'on réalise sa difficulté."
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "不到长城非好汉。",
|
||
"pinyin": "Bú dào Chángchéng fēi hǎohàn.",
|
||
"translation": "Celui qui n'est pas allé à la Grande Muraille n'est pas un vrai homme."
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"chinese": "少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。",
|
||
"pinyin": "Shàozhuàng bù nǔlì, lǎodà tú shāngbēi.",
|
||
"translation": "Si tu ne travailles pas dur dans ta jeunesse, tu ne feras que regretter en vain quand tu seras vieux."
|
||
}
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"id": "ex_vocabulary_fill",
|
||
"type": "fill_in_blanks",
|
||
"title": "选词填空",
|
||
"word_bank": ["酸甜苦辣", "付出", "赞成", "信心", "简直", "失败", "心事", "偷偷儿", "经历", "意义", "不过", "分别", "著名", "理想", "当然"],
|
||
"questions": [
|
||
{
|
||
"sentence": "上大学，学汉语，当翻译，一直是我的____。",
|
||
"answer": "理想"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"sentence": "妈妈非常____我来中国留学。",
|
||
"answer": "赞成"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"sentence": "我____不相信他能干出这种事。",
|
||
"answer": "简直"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"sentence": "这半年来，我尝够了人生的____。",
|
||
"answer": "酸甜苦辣"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"sentence": "遇到困难时，不要失去____，要鼓励自己。",
|
||
"answer": "信心"
|
||
}
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"id": "ex_grammar_completion",
|
||
"type": "grammar_practice",
|
||
"title": "用括号里的词语完成句子",
|
||
"questions": [
|
||
{
|
||
"prompt": "说实话，能不能实现自己的理想，我____。(一点儿+也/都+不/没……)",
|
||
"sample_answer": "一点儿也不知道"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"prompt": "这件衣服贵是贵了点儿，____。(不过)",
|
||
"sample_answer": "不过质量很好"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"prompt": "这幅画儿画得太好了，画儿上的鱼____。(简直)",
|
||
"sample_answer": "简直像真的一样"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"prompt": "我又累又困，____。(看着看着/听着听着)",
|
||
"sample_answer": "听着听着就睡着了"
|
||
}
|
||
]
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"id": "ex_error_correction_ch4",
|
||
"type": "error_correction",
|
||
"title": "改错句",
|
||
"questions": [
|
||
{
|
||
"incorrect": "听了她的话，我心里很热乎乎。",
|
||
"correct": "听了她的话，我心里热乎乎的。",
|
||
"explanation": "热乎乎 est un adjectif redoublé, on utilise 的 après, pas 很"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"incorrect": "这是很当然的事。",
|
||
"correct": "这是很自然的事。/ 这当然是对的。",
|
||
"explanation": "当然 est un adverbe, pas un adjectif. On ne peut pas dire 很当然"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"incorrect": "我昨天晚上做了一个梦，梦了我的朋友。",
|
||
"correct": "我昨天晚上做了一个梦，梦见了我的朋友。",
|
||
"explanation": "On dit 梦见 (rêver de), pas 梦"
|
||
},
|
||
{
|
||
"incorrect": "我分别朋友的时候，心里很难过。",
|
||
"correct": "我和朋友分别的时候，心里很难过。",
|
||
"explanation": "分别 est intransitif, on doit utiliser 和...分别"
|
||
}
|
||
]
|
||
}
|
||
]
|
||
}
|