chineseclass/Content/Hanyu-Jiaocheng-MD/Chapter3.md

Lesson 3 - 北京的四季 (Běijīng de Sìjì)

Four Seasons in Beijing

Audio: 03-1, 03-2, 03-3

---

课文 (Kèwén) - Text

Paragraphe 1

汉语: 中国的大部分地区，一年都有春、夏、秋、冬四个季节。就拿首都北京来说吧，从三月到五月是春季，六月到八月是夏季，九月到十一月是秋季，十二月到第二年的二月是冬季。

Pinyin: Zhōngguó de dà bùfen dìqū, yì nián dōu yǒu chūn, xià, qiū, dōng sì ge jìjié. Jiù ná shǒudū Běijīng lái shuō ba, cóng sān yuè dào wǔ yuè shì chūnjì, liù yuè dào bā yuè shì xiàjì, jiǔ yuè dào shíyī yuè shì qiūjì, shí'èr yuè dào dì-èr nián de èr yuè shì dōngjì.

Traduction: Most regions of China have four seasons: spring, summer, autumn, and winter. Take the capital Beijing for example: from March to May is spring, from June to August is summer, from September to November is autumn, and from December to February of the following year is winter.

---

Paragraphe 2 - Le Printemps (春天)

汉语: 春天来了，树绿了，花儿开了，天气暖和了。人们脱下冬衣，换上春装。姑娘和小伙子们打扮得漂漂亮亮的，他们在湖上划船，在花儿前照相，公园里充满了年轻人的歌声和笑声。颐和园、北海、香山、长城和十三陵……到处都可以看到来自世界各地的游人。

Pinyin: Chūntiān lái le, shù lǜ le, huār kāi le, tiānqì nuǎnhuo le. Rénmen tuō xià dōngyī, huàn shàng chūnzhuāng. Gūniang hé xiǎohuǒzi men dǎban de piàopiaoliangliang de, tāmen zài hú shàng huá chuán, zài huār qián zhàoxiàng, gōngyuán lǐ chōngmǎn le niánqīngrén de gēshēng hé xiàoshēng. Yíhéyuán, Běihǎi, Xiāngshān, Chángchéng hé Shísān Líng... dàochù dōu kěyǐ kàn dào láizì shìjiè gèdì de yóurén.

Traduction: Spring has arrived, the trees turn green, the flowers bloom, and the weather becomes warm. People take off their winter clothes and put on spring outfits. Young girls and boys dress up beautifully, they row boats on the lake, take photos in front of flowers, and the parks are filled with young people's songs and laughter. At the Summer Palace, Beihai Park, Fragrant Hills, the Great Wall, and the Ming Tombs... everywhere you can see tourists from all over the world.

---

Paragraphe 3 - L'Été (夏天)

汉语: 夏天来了，天气热了。人们常常去游泳。吃完晚饭，工作了一天的人们喜欢到外边散步、聊天儿。马路边、公园里都有散步的人。他们一边走一边聊，显得轻松而愉快。

Pinyin: Xiàtiān lái le, tiānqì rè le. Rénmen chángcháng qù yóuyǒng. Chī wán wǎnfàn, gōngzuò le yì tiān de rénmen xǐhuan dào wàibian sànbù, liáo tiānr. Mǎlù biān, gōngyuán lǐ dōu yǒu sànbù de rén. Tāmen yìbiān zǒu yìbiān liáo, xiǎnde qīngsōng ér yúkuài.

Traduction: Summer has arrived, the weather is hot. People often go swimming. After dinner, people who have worked all day like to go outside to take a walk and chat. Along the roadside and in parks, there are people taking walks. They walk and chat at the same time, appearing relaxed and happy.

---

Paragraphe 4 - L'Hiver (冬天) - Partie 1

汉语: 北京的冬天比较冷，但是暖气一开，屋子里很暖和。到了冬天，人们喜欢吃火锅儿。一家几口人或三五个朋友，高高兴兴地围坐在火锅儿旁边，边吃，边喝，边聊，这情景让人羡慕和向往。

Pinyin: Běijīng de dōngtiān bǐjiào lěng, dànshì nuǎnqì yì kāi, wūzi lǐ hěn nuǎnhuo. Dào le dōngtiān, rénmen xǐhuan chī huǒguōr. Yì jiā jǐ kǒu rén huò sān wǔ ge péngyou, gāogāoxìngxìng de wéizuò zài huǒguōr pángbiān, biān chī, biān hē, biān liáo, zhè qíngjǐng ràng rén xiànmù hé xiàngwǎng.

Traduction: Beijing's winter is quite cold, but once the heating is turned on, it's very warm inside. In winter, people like to eat hotpot. A family of several people or three to five friends sit happily around the hotpot, eating, drinking, and chatting - this scene makes people envious and yearn for it.

---

Paragraphe 5 - L'Hiver (冬天) - Partie 2 (La Neige)

汉语: 北京的冬天不常下雪，但是，要是下了雪，人们就会像过节一样高兴。冬天最美的风光就是雪景了。很多人会带上相机去外边照相。孩子们一点儿也不怕冷，在雪地上跑啊跳啊，堆雪人儿，打雪仗，小脸和小手冻得红红的，玩儿得可高兴了。北京人喜欢雪。"瑞雪兆丰年"，冬天要是下几场大雪，第二年一定会有好收成。

Pinyin: Běijīng de dōngtiān bù cháng xià xuě, dànshì, yàoshi xià le xuě, rénmen jiù huì xiàng guò jié yíyàng gāoxìng. Dōngtiān zuì měi de fēngguāng jiù shì xuějǐng le. Hěn duō rén huì dài shàng xiàngjī qù wàibian zhàoxiàng. Háizimen yìdiǎnr yě bù pà lěng, zài xuědì shàng pǎo a tiào a, duī xuěrénr, dǎ xuězhàng, xiǎo liǎn hé xiǎo shǒu dòng de hónghóng de, wánr de kě gāoxìng le. Běijīngrén xǐhuan xuě. "Ruìxuě zhào fēngnián", dōngtiān yàoshi xià jǐ chǎng dà xuě, dì-èr nián yídìng huì yǒu hǎo shōucheng.

Traduction: Beijing's winter doesn't often snow, but when it does snow, people are as happy as if celebrating a festival. The most beautiful scenery in winter is the snow scene. Many people bring cameras to take photos outside. Children are not afraid of the cold at all, running and jumping in the snow, building snowmen, having snowball fights, their little faces and hands frozen red, having such a great time. Beijing people love snow. "A timely snow promises a good harvest" - if there are a few big snowfalls in winter, the next year will surely have a good harvest.

---

Paragraphe 6 - L'Automne (秋天)

汉语: 北京一年中最好的季节要数秋天了。天气不冷也不热，不常下雨，也很少刮风。大街上到处是鲜花，到处是瓜果。每到周末，人们都喜欢到郊外去玩儿。那满山的红叶是秋天最美丽的景色。爬香山、看红叶，是北京人最喜欢的活动。

Pinyin: Běijīng yì nián zhōng zuì hǎo de jìjié yào shǔ qiūtiān le. Tiānqì bù lěng yě bù rè, bù cháng xiàyǔ, yě hěn shǎo guā fēng. Dàjiē shàng dàochù shì xiānhuā, dàochù shì guāguǒ. Měi dào zhōumò, rénmen dōu xǐhuan dào jiāowài qù wánr. Nà mǎn shān de hóngyè shì qiūtiān zuì měilì de jǐngsè. Pá Xiāngshān, kàn hóngyè, shì Běijīngrén zuì xǐhuan de huódòng.

Traduction: The best season of the year in Beijing is definitely autumn. The weather is neither cold nor hot, it doesn't rain often, and there's rarely wind. On the main streets, there are fresh flowers everywhere, melons and fruits everywhere. Every weekend, people like to go to the outskirts to have fun. Those mountains full of red leaves are autumn's most beautiful scenery. Climbing Fragrant Hills and viewing the red leaves is Beijing people's favorite activity.

---

Paragraphe 7 - La Fête Nationale (国庆节)

汉语: 国庆节放假期间，正是北京一年中风景最美的时候。每到国庆节，全国各地很多游人都会利用假期到北京来旅游。要是你能到天安门广场去看看，就会知道，这个古老的国家如今显得多么年轻，你就会感到，勤劳善良、热爱和平的中国人是多么热情。也许你会爱上这个美丽的城市，爱上这些热情友好的人们。

Pinyin: Guóqìng Jié fàng jià qījiān, zhèng shì Běijīng yì nián zhōng fēngjǐng zuì měi de shíhou. Měi dào Guóqìng Jié, quánguó gèdì hěn duō yóurén dōu huì lìyòng jiàqī dào Běijīng lái lǚyóu. Yàoshi nǐ néng dào Tiān'ānmén Guǎngchǎng qù kànkan, jiù huì zhīdào, zhège gǔlǎo de guójiā rújīn xiǎnde duōme niánqīng, nǐ jiù huì gǎndào, qínláo shànliáng, rè'ài hépíng de Zhōngguórén shì duōme rèqíng. Yěxǔ nǐ huì ài shàng zhège měilì de chéngshì, ài shàng zhèxiē rèqíng yǒuhǎo de rénmen.

Traduction: During the National Day holiday period, it's precisely when Beijing's scenery is most beautiful during the year. Every National Day, many tourists from all over the country take advantage of the holiday to come to Beijing for tourism. If you can go to Tiananmen Square and have a look, you'll know how young this ancient country appears today, you'll feel how enthusiastic the hardworking, kind-hearted, and peace-loving Chinese people are. Perhaps you'll fall in love with this beautiful city, fall in love with these warm and friendly people.

---

Paragraphe 8 - Conclusion

汉语: 亲爱的朋友，愿你们在北京、在中国生活得平安快乐。

Pinyin: Qīn'ài de péngyou, yuàn nǐmen zài Běijīng, zài Zhōngguó shēnghuó de píng'ān kuàilè.

Traduction: Dear friends, may you live safely and happily in Beijing, in China.

---

生词 (Shēngcí) - New Words

#	汉字	拼音	词性	英文
1	部分	bùfen	名	part; section
2	地区	dìqū	名	region; area
3	拿	ná	介	used to introduce the object
4	脱	tuō	动	to take off
5	冬衣	dōngyī	名	winter clothes
6	春装	chūnzhuāng	名	spring clothes
7	姑娘	gūniang	名	girl
8	湖	hú	名	lake
9	划船	huá chuán		to row a boat
	划	huá	动	to row
	船	chuán	名	boat; ship
10	充满	chōngmǎn	动	to cram; to be full of
11	游人	yóurén	名	visitor; sightseer; tourist
12	显得	xiǎnde	动	to look; to seem; to appear
13	轻松	qīngsōng	形	relaxed; not feeling nervous
14	火锅(儿)	huǒguōr	名	hotpot; chafing dish
15	围	wéi	动	to enclose; to surround
16	向往	xiàngwǎng	动	to yearn for; to look forward to
17	堆雪人(儿)	duī xuěrénr		to build a snowman
	堆	duī	动	to pile up; to stack
18	打雪仗	dǎ xuězhàng		to have a snowball fight
	打	dǎ	动	to fight; to beat
19	冻	dòng	动	to feel very cold; to freeze
20	瑞雪兆丰年	ruìxuě zhào fēngnián		a timely snow promises a good harvest
21	场	cháng	量	a measure word for events, etc.
22	收成	shōucheng	名	harvest; crop
23	数	shǔ	动	to be reckoned as exceptionally (good or bad)
24	大街	dàjiē	名	main street
25	鲜花	xiānhuā	名	(fresh) flower
26	瓜	guā	名	melon
27	果	guǒ	名	fruit
28	每	měi	副	every; each
29	郊外	jiāowài	名	outskirts; countryside around a city
30	美丽	měilì	形	beautiful
	美	měi	形	beautiful
31	景色	jǐngsè	名	scenery; view; scene
32	如今	rújīn	名	now; today; at present
33	多么	duōme	副	what; how; to a great extent
34	勤劳	qínláo	形	industrious; hard-working
35	善良	shànliáng	形	good and honest; kind-hearted
36	热爱	rè'ài	动	to love deeply
37	友好	yǒuhǎo	形	friendly
38	亲爱	qīn'ài	形	dear
39	愿	yuàn	动	to hope; to wish; to like
40	平安	píng'ān	形	safe and sound

专名 (Zhuānmíng) - Proper Nouns

汉字	拼音	英文
北海	Běi Hǎi	Beihai Park
香山	Xiāng Shān	Fragrant Hills Park
十三陵	Shísān Líng	the Ming Tombs
国庆节	Guóqìng Jié	National Day

---

词语用法 (Cíyǔ Yòngfǎ) - Usage

1. 拿 (ná) - used to introduce the object

结构 (Structure): 拿 + 名词 + 来 + 动词

Explication: This pattern is used to introduce a topic or example. The verb is limited to "说、看、讲" (to say, to look at, to speak) or "比、比较、分析" (to compare, to analyze), etc.

English: "Take... for example" or "Speaking of..."

例句 (Examples):

• 中国的大部分地区，一年都有春、夏、秋、冬四个季节。就拿首都北京来说吧，就和全国大部分地区一样，有春、夏、秋、冬四个季节。

  • Most regions of China have four seasons. Take the capital Beijing for example, it has the same four seasons as most regions nationwide.

• 汉语的一些语法对于外国学习者是比较难的，拿"了"和"把"字句的用法来说，很多人虽然学了，但是还是不知道怎么用。

  • Some Chinese grammar is quite difficult for foreign learners. Take the usage of "了" and "把" sentence patterns for example - many people still don't know how to use them even after learning.

• 中国这些年发展很快，拿人们的生活水平来说，比过去有很大的提高。

  • China has developed rapidly in recent years. Speaking of people's living standards, there has been great improvement compared to the past.

2. 动词 + 下 (dòngcí + xià)

Explication: The directional complement "下" has two common meanings:

1) Indicates completion of action with separation English: Taking off, removing something

例句 (Examples):

• 一到春天，人们都脱下冬衣，换上春装。

  • As soon as spring arrives, people take off their winter clothes and put on spring outfits.

• 她一进屋就脱下皮鞋，换上拖鞋。

  • As soon as she entered the house, she took off her leather shoes and put on slippers.

2) Indicates movement from high to low position English: Downward movement or sitting down

例句 (Examples):

• 请同学们快坐下，我们上课了。

  • Students, please sit down quickly, let's start class.

• 她感动得流下了眼泪。

  • She was so moved that tears flowed down.

• 我们从这里走下山去吧。

  • Let's walk down the mountain from here.

• 他跳下水去把孩子救了上来。

  • He jumped down into the water and saved the child (bringing him up).

3. 动词 + 上 (dòngcí + shàng)

Explication: The directional complement "上" has two common meanings:

1) Indicates result of action, sometimes with closing/attaching meaning English: Putting on, falling in love with, closing

例句 (Examples):

• 一到春天，人们都脱下冬衣，换上春装。

  • As soon as spring arrives, people take off winter clothes and put on spring outfits.

• 刚来时不习惯，一年后她已经爱上了这个地方，不愿意离开了。

  • At first she wasn't used to it, but after a year she had fallen in love with this place and didn't want to leave.

• 我把窗户关上，锁上门，咱们就走。

  • I'll close the window and lock the door, then we can go.

2) Indicates movement from low to high position English: Upward movement, climbing, getting on/into

例句 (Examples):

• 他提着书爬上了十楼。

  • He climbed up to the tenth floor carrying books.

• 我看见他骑上自行车出去了。

  • I saw him get on his bicycle and go out.

• 她今年终于考上了大学。

  • She finally got into university this year (lit. tested up into university).

4. 多么 (duōme) - what/how; to a great extent

Explication: Mainly used in exclamatory sentences to express a high degree. Usage is basically the same as the adverb "多".

English: "How...!" or "What...!" in exclamations

例句 (Examples):

• 要是你能到天安门广场去看看，就会知道，这个古老的国家如今显得多么年轻。

  • If you can go to Tiananmen Square and have a look, you'll know how young this ancient country appears today.

• 你去了就会知道，那里的风景有多么/多美。

  • Once you go there, you'll know how beautiful the scenery is.

• 多么/多有意思啊！

  • How interesting!

• 能出国学习多么/多不容易啊！

  • How difficult it is to be able to study abroad!

5. 也许 (yěxǔ) - perhaps; probably; maybe

Explication: Expresses speculation or uncertainty. Usually placed before verbs, adjectives, or subjects as an adverbial.

English: "Perhaps", "maybe", "probably"

例句 (Examples):

• 来了以后，也许你会爱上这个美丽的城市，爱上这些热情友好的人们。

  • After coming here, perhaps you'll fall in love with this beautiful city and these warm, friendly people.

• 别着急，再好好儿找找，也许能找到。

  • Don't worry, look carefully again, maybe you can find it.

• 喝了吧，把这些中药喝了，你的病也许就好了。

  • Drink it, drink this traditional Chinese medicine, perhaps your illness will get better.

• 到现在他还没来，也许就不来了，我们不要等他了。

  • He still hasn't come until now, maybe he won't come at all, let's not wait for him anymore.

---

练习 (Liànxí) - Exercises

语音 (Phonetics)

辨音辨调 (Distinguish the pronunciations and tones) Practice distinguishing similar sounds with different tones:

词组1	拼音	词组2	拼音
部分 (part)	bùfen	不分 (don't distinguish)	bù fēn
旅游 (tourism)	lǚyóu	理由 (reason)	lǐyóu
善良 (kind)	shànliáng	商量 (discuss)	shāngliang
鲜花 (fresh flower)	xiānhuā	闲话 (gossip)	xiánhuà
和平 (peace)	hépíng	合并 (merge)	hébìng
广场 (square/plaza)	guǎngchǎng	工厂 (factory)	gōngchǎng

朗读成语 (Read aloud these idioms): Four-character idioms related to the four seasons:

• 鸟语花香 (niǎoyǔ-huāxiāng) - Birds singing and flowers fragrant (spring)
• 烈日高照 (lièrì gāozhào) - Blazing sun shining high (summer)
• 秋高气爽 (qiūgāo-qìshuǎng) - Clear autumn sky and refreshing air (autumn)
• 万里雪飘 (wànlǐ xuěpiāo) - Snow falling for thousands of miles (winter)

词语 (Read out the following phrases)

Practice reading these common phrases:

Column 1	Column 2	Column 3	Column 4
大部分	一部分	部分地区	部分学校
充满信心	充满希望	充满欢乐	充满感情
显得很轻松	显得很高兴	显得很愉快	显得很失望
向往北京	向往幸福生活	向往美好爱情	向往美好未来
数得上	数不上	数他最高	数玛丽考得好
美丽的姑娘	美丽的地方	美丽的景色	美丽的故事
多么热情	多么美好	多么善良	多么勤劳
热爱和平	热爱工作	热爱祖国	热爱人民

---

选词填空 (Choose the right words to fill in the blanks)

Word bank: 热爱、向往、脱、多么、数、也许、围圆、划船、冻、充满

1. 进屋要____鞋，觉得特麻烦。

   • Pinyin: Jìn wū yào ____ xié, juéde tè máfan.
   • Traduction: En entrant dans la maison il faut ____ les chaussures, c'est vraiment embêtant.

2. 星期天我们去公园____吧。

   • Pinyin: Xīngqītiān wǒmen qù gōngyuán ____ ba.
   • Traduction: Dimanche, allons ____ au parc.

3. 她对自己的未来____信心。

   • Pinyin: Tā duì zìjǐ de wèilái ____ xìnxīn.
   • Traduction: Elle ____ confiance en son avenir.

4. 那是个让世界各国的人都十分____的地方。

   • Pinyin: Nà shì ge ràng shìjiè gè guó de rén dōu shífēn ____ de dìfang.
   • Traduction: C'est un endroit que les gens du monde entier ____ énormément.

5. 我的手已经____得没有感觉了。

   • Pinyin: Wǒ de shǒu yǐjīng ____ de méiyǒu gǎnjué le.
   • Traduction: Mes mains sont déjà ____ au point de ne plus rien sentir.

6. 要说个子高，张东还____不上，他只是中等个子。

   • Pinyin: Yào shuō gèzi gāo, Zhāng Dōng hái ____ bu shàng, tā zhǐshì zhōngděng gèzi.
   • Traduction: Pour parler de grande taille, Zhang Dong ne peut pas encore être ____, il est juste de taille moyenne.

7. 没有去过云南的人，就不会知道那是一个____美丽的地方。

   • Pinyin: Méiyǒu qùguo Yúnnán de rén, jiù bú huì zhīdào nà shì yí ge ____ měilì de dìfang.
   • Traduction: Les gens qui ne sont jamais allés au Yunnan ne sauront pas à quel point c'est ____ beau.

8. 我们的人民____和平，希望和世界各国人民友好相处。

   • Pinyin: Wǒmen de rénmín ____ hépíng, xīwàng hé shìjiè gè guó rénmín yǒuhǎo xiāngchǔ.
   • Traduction: Notre peuple ____ la paix et espère vivre en harmonie avec les peuples du monde entier.

9. 刚去时当然会感到寂寞，会想家。但是，如果你语言通了，再交一些好朋友，____你就不想回来了。

   • Pinyin: Gāng qù shí dāngrán huì gǎndào jìmò, huì xiǎngjiā. Dànshì, rúguǒ nǐ yǔyán tōng le, zài jiāo yìxiē hǎo péngyou, ____ nǐ jiù bù xiǎng huílai le.
   • Traduction: Bien sûr au début tu te sentiras seul et tu auras le mal du pays. Mais si tu maîtrises la langue et te fais de bons amis, ____ tu ne voudras plus revenir.

10. 中国的春节跟我们的圣诞节一样，也是一个全家____的节日。

    • Pinyin: Zhōngguó de Chūnjié gēn wǒmen de Shèngdànjié yíyàng, yě shì yí ge quánjiā ____ de jiérì.
    • Traduction: Le Nouvel An chinois est comme notre Noël, c'est aussi une fête où toute la famille se ____ ensemble.

---

用括号里的词语完成句子 (Complete the sentences with the words in the brackets)

1. ____________来说吧，刚来中国时，也特别想家。(拿)

   • ____ for example, when I first came to China, I also especially missed home. (拿)

2. 晚会上____________，同学们玩儿得非常高兴。(充满)

   • At the party ____, the students had a great time. (充满)

3. 把大衣____________吧，我给您挂在这里。(动词+下)

   • ____ your coat, I'll hang it here for you. (verb+下)

4. 你是不是____________了？要不为什么常常去找她？(动词+上)

   • Have you ____? Why else would you often go look for her? (verb+上)

5. 我弟弟今年____________北京大学了。(动词+上)

   • My younger brother ____ Beijing University this year. (verb+上)

6. 你不知道，我爸爸妈妈听到这个消息是____________。(多么)

   • You don't know ____ my parents were when they heard this news. (多么)

7. 他们个子都很高，____________最高。(数)

   • They're all very tall, ____ is the tallest. (数)

8. 我们再等他一会儿吧，____________。(也许)

   • Let's wait for him a bit longer, ____. (也许)

---

用括号里的词语完成会话 (Complete the dialogues with the words in the brackets)

1. A: 他学习怎么样？

   • How is his studying?

   B: ____________。(数)

   • ____. (数)

2. A: 那是个什么样的地方？

   • What kind of place is that?

   B: ____________。(向往)

   • ____. (向往)

3. A: 不知道为什么，他已经三天没来上课了。

   • I don't know why, he hasn't come to class for three days.

   B: ____________。(也许)

   • ____. (也许)

4. A: 你们班这次考试考得怎么样？

   • How did your class do on this exam?

   B: ____________。(大部分)

   • ____. (大部分)

5. A: 你现在对这里的生活习惯了吗？

   • Are you used to life here now?

   B: 早习惯了，我____________。(动词+上)

   • I got used to it long ago, I ____. (verb+上)

6. A: 这个电影怎么样？你看了吗？

   • How is this movie? Have you seen it?

   B: 看了，非常好。很多人感动得____________。(动词+下)

   • Yes, it's very good. Many people were so moved they ____. (verb+下)

---

连句成段 (Rearrange the following sentences into paragraphs)

Exercise 1:

• A. 让你感到既新奇又有点儿担心

  • Pinyin: Ràng nǐ gǎndào jì xīnqí yòu yǒudiǎnr dānxīn
  • Traduction: Te faisant sentir à la fois curieux et un peu inquiet

• B. 我们这些老外一到北京就会看到很多很多电动车

  • Pinyin: Wǒmen zhèxiē lǎowài yí dào Běijīng jiù huì kàndào hěn duō hěn duō diàndòngchē
  • Traduction: Nous les étrangers, dès notre arrivée à Beijing, verrons beaucoup beaucoup de scooters électriques

• C. 那么多的电动车在小汽车、公共汽车和行人中间穿来穿去，来来往往

  • Pinyin: Nàme duō de diàndòngchē zài xiǎo qìchē, gōnggòng qìchē hé xíngrén zhōngjiān chuān lái chuān qù, lái lái wǎng wǎng
  • Traduction: Tant de scooters électriques zigzaguant entre les voitures, les bus et les piétons, allant et venant

• D. 特别是上下班的时候

  • Pinyin: Tèbié shì shàng xiàbān de shíhou
  • Traduction: Surtout aux heures de pointe

Correct order: ____________

Exercise 2:

• A. 而是那些随处可见、满街跑的出租车

  • Pinyin: Ér shì nàxiē suíchù kějiàn, mǎn jiē pǎo de chūzūchē
  • Traduction: Mais plutôt ces taxis qu'on voit partout, qui courent dans toute la rue

• B. 但我要说的是，最吸引我的还不是这些电动车

  • Pinyin: Dàn wǒ yào shuō de shì, zuì xīyǐn wǒ de hái bú shì zhèxiē diàndòngchē
  • Traduction: Mais ce que je veux dire, c'est que ce qui m'attire le plus ce ne sont pas ces scooters électriques

• C. 因为我下边要讲的这个故事跟这出租车有关系

  • Pinyin: Yīnwèi wǒ xiàbian yào jiǎng de zhège gùshi gēn zhè chūzūchē yǒu guānxi
  • Traduction: Parce que l'histoire que je vais raconter est liée à ces taxis

• D. 虽然那满大街的电动车能把我吓了一跳

  • Pinyin: Suīrán nà mǎn dàjiē de diàndòngchē néng bǎ wǒ xià le yí tiào
  • Traduction: Bien que tous ces scooters électriques dans les rues m'aient fait sursauter

Correct order: ____________

---

改错句 (Correct the sentences)

1. 我很喜欢北京，大街上有很多树，很绿色。

   • Pinyin: Wǒ hěn xǐhuan Běijīng, dàjiē shàng yǒu hěn duō shù, hěn lǜsè.
   • Traduction: J'aime beaucoup Beijing, il y a beaucoup d'arbres dans les rues, c'est très vert.
   • Correction: 我很喜欢北京，大街上有很多树，很绿。
   • Pinyin: Wǒ hěn xǐhuan Běijīng, dàjiē shàng yǒu hěn duō shù, hěn lǜ.
   • Explication: "绿色" (lǜsè) signifie "la couleur verte" (nom), mais ici on a besoin de l'adjectif "绿" (lǜ - vert). On ne dit pas "很绿色" mais "很绿".

2. 中国的大街上到处充满了电动车。

   • Pinyin: Zhōngguó de dàjiē shàng dàochù chōngmǎn le diàndòngchē.
   • Traduction: Dans les rues de Chine, partout est rempli de scooters électriques.
   • Correction: 中国的大街上到处都是电动车。/ 中国的大街上充满了电动车。
   • Pinyin: Zhōngguó de dàjiē shàng dàochù dōu shì diàndòngchē. / Zhōngguó de dàjiē shàng chōngmǎn le diàndòngchē.
   • Explication: "到处" (dàochù - partout) et "充满" (chōngmǎn - rempli de) sont redondants. On utilise soit "到处都是..." soit "充满了..."

3. 我把房间干净了。

   • Pinyin: Wǒ bǎ fángjiān gānjìng le.
   • Traduction: J'ai propre la chambre. (incorrect)
   • Correction: 我把房间打扫干净了。
   • Pinyin: Wǒ bǎ fángjiān dǎsǎo gānjìng le.
   • Explication: Avec la structure "把", on a besoin d'un verbe. "干净" (gānjìng) est un adjectif. Il faut ajouter le verbe "打扫" (dǎsǎo - nettoyer) et "干净" devient le complément résultatif.

4. 她毛病了，可是她不要去医院打打针。

   • Pinyin: Tā máobing le, kěshì tā bú yào qù yīyuàn dǎdǎzhēn.
   • Traduction: Elle est malade, mais elle ne veut pas aller à l'hôpital se faire piquer.
   • Correction: 她生病了，可是她不想去医院打针。
   • Pinyin: Tā shēngbìng le, kěshì tā bù xiǎng qù yīyuàn dǎzhēn.
   • Explication: "毛病" (máobing) signifie "problème/défaut", pas "être malade". On utilise "生病了" (shēngbìng le). De plus, "不要" (bú yào) exprime un conseil/ordre, tandis que "不想" (bù xiǎng) exprime un désir personnel. "打打针" → "打针" (pas besoin de répéter).

5. 这个星期未你想不想去旅行？

   • Pinyin: Zhège xīngqīwèi nǐ xiǎng bu xiǎng qù lǚxíng?
   • Traduction: Ce week-end veux-tu aller voyager ?
   • Correction: 这个周末你想不想去旅行？
   • Pinyin: Zhège zhōumò nǐ xiǎng bu xiǎng qù lǚxíng?
   • Explication: "星期未" (xīngqīwèi) est incorrect. Le bon mot est "周末" (zhōumò) pour dire "week-end".

6. 我非常热爱我的女朋友。

   • Pinyin: Wǒ fēicháng rè'ài wǒ de nǚpéngyou.
   • Traduction: J'aime passionnément ma petite amie.
   • Correction: 我非常爱我的女朋友。
   • Pinyin: Wǒ fēicháng ài wǒ de nǚpéngyou.
   • Explication: "热爱" (rè'ài) est trop formel et s'utilise pour la patrie, le peuple, la paix, etc. Pour une relation amoureuse personnelle, on utilise simplement "爱" (ài) ou "喜欢" (xǐhuan).

---

情景表达 (Language and context)

1. 下列句子什么情景下说？(In which situations do we use the following sentences?)

1. 我们热爱和平。

   • Pinyin: Wǒmen rè'ài hépíng.
   • Traduction: Nous aimons profondément la paix.

2. 真是"瑞雪兆丰年"啊！

   • Pinyin: Zhēn shì "ruìxuě zhào fēngnián" a!
   • Traduction: Vraiment "une neige opportune présage une bonne récolte" !

3. 我真羡慕他。

   • Pinyin: Wǒ zhēn xiànmù tā.
   • Traduction: Je l'envie vraiment.

2. 下列情景怎么说？(How do we describe or what do we say in the following situations?)

1. 你和他/她在一个班学习了半年多，非常喜欢他/她。(爱上)

   • Pinyin: Nǐ hé tā/tā zài yí ge bān xuéxí le bàn nián duō, fēicháng xǐhuan tā/tā. (ài shàng)
   • Traduction: Tu as étudié avec lui/elle dans la même classe pendant plus de six mois, tu l'aimes beaucoup. (tomber amoureux de)

2. 你很喜欢一个地方/一份工作/一个学校。(向往)

   • Pinyin: Nǐ hěn xǐhuan yí ge dìfang/yí fèn gōngzuò/yí ge xuéxiào. (xiàngwǎng)
   • Traduction: Tu aimes beaucoup un endroit/un travail/une école. (aspirer à)

---

综合填空 (Fill in the blanks)

补充生词 (Supplementary words):

• ① 阵 (zhèn) - short period; spell
• ② 抬 (tái) - to raise
• ③ 将近 (jiāngjìn) - to be about to
• ④ 经历 (jīnglì) - experience

一把雨伞

Pinyin: Yì bǎ yǔsǎn

Traduction: Un parapluie

去年秋天的一个星期天，我和爱人带孩子去爬山。刚刚两岁①____儿儿子，玩儿得很高兴。这时，一阵风刮来，抬头一看，刚才还蓝蓝的天上，不知什么时候起②____乌云，很快就开始掉雨点了。我和爱人一下子着急了，从这儿往前，离车站还远，往回走，也要将近一个小时，我们又没带雨伞。③____越下越大，我抱④____儿子，不知怎么办好。正在这时，一对儿年轻人打着一⑤____雨伞向我们这边走来，看到我们的样子，两人一笑，马上⑥____伞送给我们，说："孩子小，淋了雨会感冒的。"然后，⑦____偷说着笑着淋着雨跑远了。

Pinyin: Qùnián qiūtiān de yí ge xīngqītiān, wǒ hé àiren dài háizi qù pá shān. Gānggāng liǎng suì ①____ r érzi, wánr de hěn gāoxìng. Zhè shí, yí zhèn fēng guā lái, táitóu yí kàn, gāngcái hái lánlán de tiān shàng, bù zhī shénme shíhou qǐ ②____ wūyún, hěn kuài jiù kāishǐ diào yǔdiǎn le. Wǒ hé àiren yíxiàzi zhāojí le, cóng zhèr wǎng qián, lí chēzhàn hái yuǎn, wǎng huí zǒu, yě yào jiāngjìn yí ge xiǎoshí, wǒmen yòu méi dài yǔsǎn. ③____ yuè xià yuè dà, wǒ bào ④____ érzi, bù zhī zěnme bàn hǎo. Zhèng zài zhè shí, yí duìr niánqīngrén dǎzhe yì ⑤____ yǔsǎn xiàng wǒmen zhèbiān zǒu lái, kàndào wǒmen de yàngzi, liǎng rén yí xiào, mǎshàng ⑥____ sǎn sòng gěi wǒmen, shuō: "Háizi xiǎo, lín le yǔ huì gǎnmào de." Ránhòu, ⑦____ tōu shuōzhe xiàozhe línzhe yǔ pǎo yuǎn le.

Traduction: Un dimanche d'automne l'année dernière, mon épouse et moi avons emmené notre enfant faire de l'escalade. Notre fils qui venait juste d'avoir deux ans ①____, s'amusait beaucoup. À ce moment, un coup de vent est arrivé, en levant la tête, dans le ciel qui était encore tout bleu il y a un instant, on ne sait pas quand se sont formés ②____ des nuages noirs, et rapidement il a commencé à tomber des gouttes de pluie. Mon épouse et moi avons paniqué, d'ici en avant, la station est encore loin, pour revenir en arrière, il faut aussi près d'une heure, et nous n'avions pas apporté de parapluie. ③____ la pluie tombait de plus en plus fort, je tenais ④____ mon fils, ne sachant pas quoi faire. Juste à ce moment, un jeune couple avec un ⑤____ parapluie s'est dirigé vers nous, voyant notre situation, les deux ont souri, et immédiatement ⑥____ nous ont donné le parapluie, disant : "L'enfant est petit, s'il est mouillé par la pluie il va attraper froid." Puis, ⑦____ en parlant et riant sous la pluie, ils sont partis en courant.

雨中的经历使我常想起这两个不知姓名的年轻人，只知道他们在北京工作，但是因为当时没有留下姓名和地址，⑧____这把雨伞现在还放在我们家里。

Pinyin: Yǔ zhōng de jīnglì shǐ wǒ cháng xiǎngqǐ zhè liǎng ge bù zhī xìngmíng de niánqīngrén, zhǐ zhīdào tāmen zài Běijīng gōngzuò, dànshì yīnwèi dāngshí méiyǒu liú xià xìngmíng hé dìzhǐ, ⑧____ zhè bǎ yǔsǎn xiànzài hái fàng zài wǒmen jiā lǐ.

Traduction: Cette expérience sous la pluie me fait souvent penser à ces deux jeunes gens dont je ne connais pas les noms, je sais seulement qu'ils travaillent à Beijing, mais parce qu'ils n'ont pas laissé leurs noms et adresse à ce moment-là, ⑧____ ce parapluie est encore chez nous maintenant.

---

回答课文问题 (Answer Questions About the Text)

1. 北京一年有几个季节？每个季节从几月到几月？你们国家呢?

   • Pinyin: Běijīng yì nián yǒu jǐ ge jìjié? Měi ge jìjié cóng jǐ yuè dào jǐ yuè? Nǐmen guójiā ne?
   • Traduction: Combien de saisons y a-t-il à Beijing dans une année ? De quel mois à quel mois est chaque saison ? Et dans votre pays ?

2. 北京的春天怎么样?

   • Pinyin: Běijīng de chūntiān zěnmeyàng?
   • Traduction: Comment est le printemps à Beijing ?

3. 北京的夏天怎么样?

   • Pinyin: Běijīng de xiàtiān zěnmeyàng?
   • Traduction: Comment est l'été à Beijing ?

4. 北京的冬天怎么样?

   • Pinyin: Běijīng de dōngtiān zěnmeyàng?
   • Traduction: Comment est l'hiver à Beijing ?

5. 北京的秋天怎么样?

   • Pinyin: Běijīng de qiūtiān zěnmeyàng?
   • Traduction: Comment est l'automne à Beijing ?

6. 你们国家或家乡的季节怎么样？请写出来并说一说。

   • Pinyin: Nǐmen guójiā huò jiāxiāng de jìjié zěnmeyàng? Qǐng xiě chūlai bìng shuō yi shuō.
   • Traduction: Comment sont les saisons dans votre pays ou votre ville natale ? Veuillez l'écrire et en parler.

---

交际会话 (Communication) - 谈论天气 (Talking About Weather)

Cultural Note: In traditional Chinese culture, winter is divided into periods of nine days each, called "数九" (shǔjiǔ). The coldest period is "三九" (sānjiǔ), the third nine-day period after the winter solstice.

---

A: 啊——，好冷啊！

• Pinyin: A——, hǎo lěng a!
• Ah—, so cold!

B: 冷在三九嘛，现在才是头九，冷的时候还在后面呢。

• Pinyin: Lěng zài sānjiǔ ma, xiànzài cái shì tóujiǔ, lěng de shíhou hái zài hòumiàn ne.
• The coldest time is during "sanjiu" (3rd nine-day period). Right now it's only "toujiu" (1st nine-day period), the cold is still ahead.

A: 什么？什么？你说的我怎么听不懂啊。什么"三九""头九"？

• Pinyin: Shénme? Shénme? Nǐ shuō de wǒ zěnme tīng bu dǒng a. Shénme "sānjiǔ" "tóujiǔ"?
• What? What? I don't understand what you're saying. What are "sanjiu" and "toujiu"?

B: 啊，中国人把冬天最冷的时候，叫作三九天。从冬至开始，每九天算一九。今天是12月25号，算头九。

• Pinyin: A, Zhōngguórén bǎ dōngtiān zuì lěng de shíhou, jiàozuò sānjiǔ tiān. Cóng dōngzhì kāishǐ, měi jiǔ tiān suàn yī jiǔ. Jīntiān shì shí'èr yuè èrshíwǔ hào, suàn tóujiǔ.
• Ah, Chinese people call the coldest time of winter "sanjiu tian" (the third nine-day period). Starting from the winter solstice, every nine days counts as one "jiu". Today is December 25th, which is "toujiu" (the first nine-day period).

A: 这样啊。这么说，以后还会更冷啊。

• Pinyin: Zhèyàng a. Zhème shuō, yǐhòu hái huì gèng lěng a.
• I see. So you mean it will get even colder later?

B: 当然。

• Pinyin: Dāngrán.
• Of course.

A: 我最怕冷了。每天早上都不想起床，所以常常迟到。

• Pinyin: Wǒ zuì pà lěng le. Měi tiān zǎoshang dōu bù xiǎng qǐchuáng, suǒyǐ chángcháng chídào.
• I'm most afraid of the cold. Every morning I don't want to get out of bed, so I'm often late.

B: 我怕热，但不怕冷。我喜欢冬天，也喜欢滑冰滑雪。

• Pinyin: Wǒ pà rè, dàn bú pà lěng. Wǒ xǐhuan dōngtiān, yě xǐhuan huábīng huáxuě.
• I'm afraid of heat, but not cold. I like winter, and I also like ice skating and skiing.

A: 难怪你每天一早就出去锻炼。我可起不来。

• Pinyin: Nánguài nǐ měi tiān yì zǎo jiù chūqù duànliàn. Wǒ kě qǐ bu lái.
• No wonder you go out to exercise early every day. I just can't get up (that early).