chineseclass/Content/Hanyu-Jiaocheng-MD/Chapter3.md

Lesson 3 - 北京的四季 (Běijīng de Sìjì)

Four Seasons in Beijing

Audio: 03-1, 03-2, 03-3

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课文 (Kèwén) - Text

中文

中国的大部分地区，一年都有春、夏、秋、冬四个季节。就拿首都北京来说吧，从三月到五月是春季，六月到八月是夏季，九月到十一月是秋季，十二月到第二年的二月是冬季。

春天来了，树绿了，花儿开了，天气暖和了。人们脱下冬衣，换上春装。姑娘和小伙子们打扮得漂漂亮亮的，他们在湖上划船，在花儿前照相，公园里充满了年轻人的歌声和笑声。颐和园、北海、香山、长城和十三陵……到处都可以看到来自世界各地的游人。

夏天来了，天气热了。人们常常去游泳。吃完晚饭，工作了一天的人们喜欢到外边散步、聊天儿。马路边、公园里都有散步的人。他们一边走一边聊，显得轻松而愉快。

北京的冬天比较冷，但是暖气一开，屋子里很暖和。到了冬天，人们喜欢吃火锅儿。一家几口人或三五个朋友，高高兴兴地围坐在火锅儿旁边，边吃，边喝，边聊，这情景让人羡慕和向往。

北京的冬天不常下雪，但是，要是下了雪，人们就会像过节一样高兴。冬天最美的风光就是雪景了。很多人会带上相机去外边照相。孩子们一点儿也不怕冷，在雪地上跑啊跳啊，堆雪人儿，打雪仗，小脸和小手冻得红红的，玩儿得可高兴了。北京人喜欢雪。"瑞雪兆丰年"，冬天要是下几场大雪，第二年一定会有好收成。

北京一年中最好的季节要数秋天了。天气不冷也不热，不常下雨，也很少刮风。大街上到处是鲜花，到处是瓜果。每到周末，人们都喜欢到郊外去玩儿。那满山的红叶是秋天最美丽的景色。爬香山、看红叶，是北京人最喜欢的活动。

国庆节放假期间，正是北京一年中风景最美的时候。每到国庆节，全国各地很多游人都会利用假期到北京来旅游。要是你能到天安门广场去看看，就会知道，这个古老的国家如今显得多么年轻，你就会感到，勤劳善良、热爱和平的中国人是多么热情。也许你会爱上这个美丽的城市，爱上这些热情友好的人们。

亲爱的朋友，愿你们在北京、在中国生活得平安快乐。

Pinyin

Zhōngguó de dà bùfen dìqū, yì nián dōu yǒu chūn, xià, qiū, dōng sì ge jìjié. Jiù ná shǒudū Běijīng lái shuō ba, cóng sān yuè dào wǔ yuè shì chūnjì, liù yuè dào bā yuè shì xiàjì, jiǔ yuè dào shíyī yuè shì qiūjì, shí'èr yuè dào dì-èr nián de èr yuè shì dōngjì.

Chūntiān lái le, shù lǜ le, huār kāi le, tiānqì nuǎnhuo le. Rénmen tuō xià dōngyī, huàn shàng chūnzhuāng. Gūniang hé xiǎohuǒzi men dǎban de piàopiaoliangliang de, tāmen zài hú shàng huá chuán, zài huār qián zhàoxiàng, gōngyuán lǐ chōngmǎn le niánqīngrén de gēshēng hé xiàoshēng. Yíhéyuán, Běihǎi, Xiāngshān, Chángchéng hé Shísān Líng... dàochù dōu kěyǐ kàn dào láizì shìjiè gèdì de yóurén.

Xiàtiān lái le, tiānqì rè le. Rénmen chángcháng qù yóuyǒng. Chī wán wǎnfàn, gōngzuò le yì tiān de rénmen xǐhuan dào wàibian sànbù, liáo tiānr. Mǎlù biān, gōngyuán lǐ dōu yǒu sànbù de rén. Tāmen yìbiān zǒu yìbiān liáo, xiǎnde qīngsōng ér yúkuài.

Běijīng de dōngtiān bǐjiào lěng, dànshì nuǎnqì yì kāi, wūzi lǐ hěn nuǎnhuo. Dào le dōngtiān, rénmen xǐhuan chī huǒguōr. Yì jiā jǐ kǒu rén huò sān wǔ ge péngyou, gāogāoxìngxìng de wéizuò zài huǒguōr pángbiān, biān chī, biān hē, biān liáo, zhè qíngjǐng ràng rén xiànmù hé xiàngwǎng.

Běijīng de dōngtiān bù cháng xià xuě, dànshì, yàoshi xià le xuě, rénmen jiù huì xiàng guò jié yíyàng gāoxìng. Dōngtiān zuì měi de fēngguāng jiù shì xuějǐng le. Hěn duō rén huì dài shàng xiàngjī qù wàibian zhàoxiàng. Háizimen yìdiǎnr yě bù pà lěng, zài xuědì shàng pǎo a tiào a, duī xuěrénr, dǎ xuězhàng, xiǎo liǎn hé xiǎo shǒu dòng de hónghóng de, wánr de kě gāoxìng le. Běijīngrén xǐhuan xuě. "Ruìxuě zhào fēngnián", dōngtiān yàoshi xià jǐ chǎng dà xuě, dì-èr nián yídìng huì yǒu hǎo shōucheng.

Běijīng yì nián zhōng zuì hǎo de jìjié yào shǔ qiūtiān le. Tiānqì bù lěng yě bù rè, bù cháng xiàyǔ, yě hěn shǎo guā fēng. Dàjiē shàng dàochù shì xiānhuā, dàochù shì guāguǒ. Měi dào zhōumò, rénmen dōu xǐhuan dào jiāowài qù wánr. Nà mǎn shān de hóngyè shì qiūtiān zuì měilì de jǐngsè. Pá Xiāngshān, kàn hóngyè, shì Běijīngrén zuì xǐhuan de huódòng.

Guóqìng Jié fàng jià qījiān, zhèng shì Běijīng yì nián zhōng fēngjǐng zuì měi de shíhou. Měi dào Guóqìng Jié, quánguó gèdì hěn duō yóurén dōu huì lìyòng jiàqī dào Běijīng lái lǚyóu. Yàoshi nǐ néng dào Tiān'ānmén Guǎngchǎng qù kànkan, jiù huì zhīdào, zhège gǔlǎo de guójiā rújīn xiǎnde duōme niánqīng, nǐ jiù huì gǎndào, qínláo shànliáng, rè'ài hépíng de Zhōngguórén shì duōme rèqíng. Yěxǔ nǐ huì ài shàng zhège měilì de chéngshì, ài shàng zhèxiē rèqíng yǒuhǎo de rénmen.

Qīn'ài de péngyou, yuàn nǐmen zài Běijīng, zài Zhōngguó shēnghuó de píng'ān kuàilè.

Translation

Most regions of China have four seasons: spring, summer, autumn, and winter. Take the capital Beijing for example: from March to May is spring, from June to August is summer, from September to November is autumn, and from December to February of the following year is winter.

Spring has arrived, the trees turn green, the flowers bloom, and the weather becomes warm. People take off their winter clothes and put on spring outfits. Young girls and boys dress up beautifully, they row boats on the lake, take photos in front of flowers, and the parks are filled with young people's songs and laughter. At the Summer Palace, Beihai Park, Fragrant Hills, the Great Wall, and the Ming Tombs... everywhere you can see tourists from all over the world.

Summer has arrived, the weather is hot. People often go swimming. After dinner, people who have worked all day like to go outside to take a walk and chat. Along the roadside and in parks, there are people taking walks. They walk and chat at the same time, appearing relaxed and happy.

Beijing's winter is quite cold, but once the heating is turned on, it's very warm inside. In winter, people like to eat hotpot. A family of several people or three to five friends sit happily around the hotpot, eating, drinking, and chatting - this scene makes people envious and yearn for it.

Beijing's winter doesn't often snow, but when it does snow, people are as happy as if celebrating a festival. The most beautiful scenery in winter is the snow scene. Many people bring cameras to take photos outside. Children are not afraid of the cold at all, running and jumping in the snow, building snowmen, having snowball fights, their little faces and hands frozen red, having such a great time. Beijing people love snow. "A timely snow promises a good harvest" - if there are a few big snowfalls in winter, the next year will surely have a good harvest.

The best season of the year in Beijing is definitely autumn. The weather is neither cold nor hot, it doesn't rain often, and there's rarely wind. On the main streets, there are fresh flowers everywhere, melons and fruits everywhere. Every weekend, people like to go to the outskirts to have fun. Those mountains full of red leaves are autumn's most beautiful scenery. Climbing Fragrant Hills and viewing the red leaves is Beijing people's favorite activity.

During the National Day holiday period, it's precisely when Beijing's scenery is most beautiful during the year. Every National Day, many tourists from all over the country take advantage of the holiday to come to Beijing for tourism. If you can go to Tiananmen Square and have a look, you'll know how young this ancient country appears today, you'll feel how enthusiastic the hardworking, kind-hearted, and peace-loving Chinese people are. Perhaps you'll fall in love with this beautiful city, fall in love with these warm and friendly people.

Dear friends, may you live safely and happily in Beijing, in China.

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生词 (Shēngcí) - New Words

#	汉字	拼音	词性	英文
1	部分	bùfen	名	part; section
2	地区	dìqū	名	region; area
3	拿	ná	介	used to introduce the object
4	脱	tuō	动	to take off
5	冬衣	dōngyī	名	winter clothes
6	春装	chūnzhuāng	名	spring clothes
7	姑娘	gūniang	名	girl
8	湖	hú	名	lake
9	划船	huá chuán		to row a boat
	划	huá	动	to row
	船	chuán	名	boat; ship
10	充满	chōngmǎn	动	to cram; to be full of
11	游人	yóurén	名	visitor; sightseer; tourist
12	显得	xiǎnde	动	to look; to seem; to appear
13	轻松	qīngsōng	形	relaxed; not feeling nervous
14	火锅(儿)	huǒguōr	名	hotpot; chafing dish
15	围	wéi	动	to enclose; to surround
16	向往	xiàngwǎng	动	to yearn for; to look forward to
17	堆雪人(儿)	duī xuěrénr		to build a snowman
	堆	duī	动	to pile up; to stack
18	打雪仗	dǎ xuězhàng		to have a snowball fight
	打	dǎ	动	to fight; to beat
19	冻	dòng	动	to feel very cold; to freeze
20	瑞雪兆丰年	ruìxuě zhào fēngnián		a timely snow promises a good harvest
21	场	cháng	量	a measure word for events, etc.
22	收成	shōucheng	名	harvest; crop
23	数	shǔ	动	to be reckoned as exceptionally (good or bad)
24	大街	dàjiē	名	main street
25	鲜花	xiānhuā	名	(fresh) flower
26	瓜	guā	名	melon
27	果	guǒ	名	fruit
28	每	měi	副	every; each
29	郊外	jiāowài	名	outskirts; countryside around a city
30	美丽	měilì	形	beautiful
	美	měi	形	beautiful
31	景色	jǐngsè	名	scenery; view; scene
32	如今	rújīn	名	now; today; at present
33	多么	duōme	副	what; how; to a great extent
34	勤劳	qínláo	形	industrious; hard-working
35	善良	shànliáng	形	good and honest; kind-hearted
36	热爱	rè'ài	动	to love deeply
37	友好	yǒuhǎo	形	friendly
38	亲爱	qīn'ài	形	dear
39	愿	yuàn	动	to hope; to wish; to like
40	平安	píng'ān	形	safe and sound

专名 (Zhuānmíng) - Proper Nouns

汉字	拼音	英文
北海	Běi Hǎi	Beihai Park
香山	Xiāng Shān	Fragrant Hills Park
十三陵	Shísān Líng	the Ming Tombs
国庆节	Guóqìng Jié	National Day

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词语用法 (Cíyǔ Yòngfǎ) - Usage

1. 拿 (ná) - used to introduce the object

结构: 拿 + 名词 + 来 + 动词

表示从某个提出话题。动词只限于"说、看、讲"或者"比、比较、分析"等。

例句:

• 中国的大部分地区，一年都有春、夏、秋、冬四个季节。就拿首都北京来说吧，就和全国大部分地区一样，有春、夏、秋、冬四个季节。
• 汉语的一些语法对于外国学习者是比较难的，拿"了"和"把"字句的用法来说，很多人虽然学了，但是还是不知道怎么用。
• 中国这些年发展很快，拿人们的生活水平来说，比过去有很大的提高。

2. 动词 + 下 (dòngcí + xià)

两种常用义:

1) 表示动作完成并有脱离的意思

• 一到春天，人们都脱下冬衣，换上春装。
• 她一进屋就脱下皮鞋，换上拖鞋。

2) 表示人或事物随动作由高处向低处

• 请同学们快坐下，我们上课了。
• 她感动得流下了眼泪。
• 我们从这里走下山去吧。
• 他跳下水去把孩子救了上来。

3. 动词 + 上 (dòngcí + shàng)

两种常用义:

1) 表示动作有结果，有时有合拢的意思

• 一到春天，人们都脱下冬衣，换上春装。
• 刚来时不习惯，一年后她已经爱上了这个地方，不愿意离开了。
• 我把窗户关上，锁上门，咱们就走。

2) 表示人或事物随动作从低处到高处

• 他提着书爬上了十楼。
• 我看见他骑上自行车出去了。
• 她今年终于考上了大学。

4. 多么 (duōme) - what/how; to a great extent

多用在感叹句中，表示程度很高，与副词"多"的用法基本相同。

例句:

• 要是你能到天安门广场去看看，就会知道，这个古老的国家如今显得多么年轻。
• 你去了就会知道，那里的风景有多么/多美。
• 多么/多有意思啊！
• 能出国学习多么/多不容易啊！

5. 也许 (yěxǔ) - perhaps; probably; maybe

表示猜测或不很肯定，常放在动词、形容词或主语前面作状语。

例句:

• 来了以后，也许你会爱上这个美丽的城市，爱上这些热情友好的人们。
• 别着急，再好好儿找找，也许能找到。
• 喝了吧，把这些中药喝了，你的病也许就好了。
• 到现在他还没来，也许就不来了，我们不要等他了。

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练习 (Liànxí) - Exercises

语音 (Phonetics)

辨音辨调 (Distinguish the pronunciations and tones)

词组1	拼音	词组2	拼音
部分	bùfen	不分	bù fēn
旅游	lǚyóu	理由	lǐyóu
善良	shànliáng	商量	shāngliang
鲜花	xiānhuā	闲话	xiánhuà
和平	hépíng	合并	hébìng
广场	guǎngchǎng	工厂	gōngchǎng

朗读成语:

• 鸟语花香 (niǎoyǔ-huāxiāng)
• 烈日高照 (lièrì gāozhào)
• 秋高气爽 (qiūgāo-qìshuǎng)
• 万里雪飘 (wànlǐ xuěpiāo)

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回答课文问题

1. 北京一年有几个季节？每个季节从几月到几月？你们国家呢?
2. 北京的春天怎么样?
3. 北京的夏天怎么样?
4. 北京的冬天怎么样?
5. 北京的秋天怎么样?
6. 你们国家或家乡的季节怎么样？请写出来并说一说。

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交际会话 (Communication) - 谈论天气

A: 啊——，好冷啊！

B: 冷在三九嘛，现在才是头九，冷的时候还在后面呢。

A: 什么？什么？你说的我怎么听不懂啊。什么"三九""头九"？

B: 啊，中国人把冬天最冷的时候，叫作三九天。从冬至开始，每九天算一九。今天是12月25号，算头九。

A: 这样啊。这么说，以后还会更冷啊。

B: 当然。

A: 我最怕冷了。每天早上都不想起床，所以常常迟到。

B: 我怕热，但不怕冷。我喜欢冬天，也喜欢滑冰滑雪。

A: 难怪你每天一早就出去锻炼。我可起不来。