chineseclass/Content/Hanyu-Jiaocheng-MD/Chapter4.md

Lesson 4 - 理想 (Lǐxiǎng)

Ideal

Audio: 04-1, 04-2, 04-3, 04-4

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课文 (Kèwén) - Text

中文

(一) 理想

中学毕业那年，要考什么大学，要学什么专业，我自己也不清楚。一次我和朋友看了一个电影，这个电影是介绍中国文化的，很有意思。我当时就想，学习中文，将来当翻译怎么样？妈妈知道了我的想法，十分赞成。就这样，我考上了大学中文系。

大学三年级暑假，我第一次来到中国，在北京语言大学学习了四个星期。学完以后，又到中国一些著名的风景区旅游了一个月。这时才知道，自己对中国的了解太少了。

因为汉语说得不好，旅途中遇到了很多困难。但是，每次遇到困难时，我都会得到好心人的帮助。

一次，我坐火车去南京。我对南京一点儿也不了解，火车到南京的时间又是晚上，怎么去找宾馆，怎么买去上海的火车票，我都不知道。我看着地图，心里真有点儿着急。

坐在我对面的一个姑娘，好像看出了我的心事，就用英语问我是不是留学生，需要不需要她帮助。她的英语说得很好。我就对她说了自己遇到的困难。她说："别担心，我也是在南京下车，下车以后，你就跟我走吧。"

就这样，我们开始了交谈。她是南京一所大学的学生。她说："要是你愿意，我可以带你到南京的一些风景区去看看。"我说："这样当然好，不过，会不会太麻烦你了？"她说："现在正好是假期，我有空儿。我们可以互相学习，我帮你练汉语，你也帮我练练英语。"

就这样，我交了第一个中国朋友。

在南京玩儿了三天。这三天里，她简直成了我的导游，带我去了南京很多有名的地方，又帮我买了去上海的火车票。分别的时候，她说，欢迎你再来。我说，肯定会再来的。我一定要把汉语学好，实现自己当翻译的理想。

(二) 要见彩虹

最近，我学会了一首中文歌，很好听，也很有意义。里边有一句歌词，让我想了很多很多。这句歌词是：不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹？没有人能随随便便成功。

我来中国已经半年了，半年的留学生活让我尝到了以前从没有尝过的酸甜苦辣。有一段时间我常常一个人偷偷地哭，有时哭着哭着就睡着了。在梦中，我梦见了家乡，梦见了家乡的亲人。在梦中我对父母说："你们的傻女儿输了，失败了，对学习、对自己都失去了信心。"

父母打电话叫我回国，但是，我想我不能回国。来中国留学，学习汉语，这是我自己选择的道路。人生的道路上肯定会遇到各种各样的困难，要是一遇到困难就退缩，怎么可能取得成功呢？我决定坚持下去。老师也常鼓励我说：坚持就是胜利。

我的梦想是当一个汉语老师，不学好汉语怎么能当汉语老师呢？

想到这儿，就觉得自己很可笑，都十八岁了，已经不是小孩子了，为什么一遇到困难就哭呢？为什么不能坚强一些呢？

我心中又唱起了这首歌：不经历风雨，怎么见彩虹？没有人能随随便便成功。是啊，要成功，就必须付出艰苦的努力。

Pinyin

(一) Lǐxiǎng

Zhōngxué bìyè nà nián, yào kǎo shénme dàxué, yào xué shénme zhuānyè, wǒ zìjǐ yě bù qīngchu. Yí cì wǒ hé péngyou kàn le yí ge diànyǐng, zhège diànyǐng shì jièshào Zhōngguó wénhuà de, hěn yǒu yìsi. Wǒ dāngshí jiù xiǎng, xuéxí Zhōngwén, jiānglái dāng fānyì zěnmeyàng? Māma zhīdào le wǒ de xiǎngfǎ, shífēn zànchéng. Jiù zhèyàng, wǒ kǎo shàng le dàxué Zhōngwén xì.

Dàxué sān niánjí shǔjià, wǒ dì-yī cì lái dào Zhōngguó, zài Běijīng Yǔyán Dàxué xuéxí le sì ge xīngqī. Xué wán yǐhòu, yòu dào Zhōngguó yìxiē zhùmíng de fēngjǐngqū lǚyóu le yí ge yuè. Zhè shí cái zhīdào, zìjǐ duì Zhōngguó de liǎojiě tài shǎo le.

Yīnwèi Hànyǔ shuō de bù hǎo, lǚtú zhōng yù dào le hěn duō kùnnan. Dànshì, měi cì yù dào kùnnan shí, wǒ dōu huì dédào hǎoxīnrén de bāngzhù.

Yí cì, wǒ zuò huǒchē qù Nánjīng. Wǒ duì Nánjīng yìdiǎnr yě bù liǎojiě, huǒchē dào Nánjīng de shíjiān yòu shì wǎnshang, zěnme qù zhǎo bīnguǎn, zěnme mǎi qù Shànghǎi de huǒchē piào, wǒ dōu bù zhīdào. Wǒ kàn zhe dìtú, xīnli zhēn yǒu diǎnr zhāojí.

Zuò zài wǒ duìmiàn de yí ge gūniang, hǎoxiàng kàn chū le wǒ de xīnshì, jiù yòng Yīngyǔ wèn wǒ shì bu shì liúxuéshēng, xūyào bù xūyào tā bāngzhù. Tā de Yīngyǔ shuō de hěn hǎo. Wǒ jiù duì tā shuō le zìjǐ yù dào de kùnnan. Tā shuō: "Bié dānxīn, wǒ yě shì zài Nánjīng xià chē, xià chē yǐhòu, nǐ jiù gēn wǒ zǒu ba."

Jiù zhèyàng, wǒmen kāishǐ le jiāotán. Tā shì Nánjīng yì suǒ dàxué de xuésheng. Tā shuō: "Yàoshi nǐ yuànyì, wǒ kěyǐ dài nǐ dào Nánjīng de yìxiē fēngjǐngqū qù kànkan." Wǒ shuō: "Zhèyàng dāngrán hǎo, búguò, huì bu huì tài máfan nǐ le?" Tā shuō: "Xiànzài zhènghǎo shì jiàqī, wǒ yǒu kòngr. Wǒmen kěyǐ hùxiāng xuéxí, wǒ bāng nǐ liàn Hànyǔ, nǐ yě bāng wǒ liànlian Yīngyǔ."

Jiù zhèyàng, wǒ jiāo le dì-yī ge Zhōngguó péngyou.

Zài Nánjīng wánr le sān tiān. Zhè sān tiān lǐ, tā jiǎnzhí chéng le wǒ de dǎoyóu, dài wǒ qù le Nánjīng hěn duō yǒumíng de dìfang, yòu bāng wǒ mǎi le qù Shànghǎi de huǒchē piào. Fēnbié de shíhou, tā shuō, huānyíng nǐ zài lái. Wǒ shuō, kěndìng huì zài lái de. Wǒ yídìng yào bǎ Hànyǔ xué hǎo, shíxiàn zìjǐ dāng fānyì de lǐxiǎng.

(二) Yào Jiàn Cǎihóng

Zuìjìn, wǒ xuéhuì le yì shǒu Zhōngwén gē, hěn hǎotīng, yě hěn yǒu yìyì. Lǐbian yǒu yí jù gēcí, ràng wǒ xiǎng le hěn duō hěn duō. Zhè jù gēcí shì: Bù jīnglì fēngyǔ, zěnme jiàn cǎihóng? Méiyǒu rén néng suísuíbiànbiàn chénggōng.

Wǒ lái Zhōngguó yǐjīng bàn nián le, bàn nián de liúxuéshēng shēnghuó ràng wǒ cháng dào le yǐqián cóng méiyǒu cháng guò de suān-tián-kǔ-là. Yǒu yí duàn shíjiān wǒ chángcháng yí ge rén tōutōu de kū, yǒushí kū zhe kū zhe jiù shuìzháo le. Zài mèng zhōng, wǒ mèngjiàn le jiāxiāng, mèngjiàn le jiāxiāng de qīnrén. Zài mèng zhōng wǒ duì fùmǔ shuō: "Nǐmen de shǎ nǚ'ér shū le, shībài le, duì xuéxí, duì zìjǐ dōu shīqù le xìnxīn."

Fùmǔ dǎ diànhuà jiào wǒ huí guó, dànshì, wǒ xiǎng wǒ bù néng huí guó. Lái Zhōngguó liúxué, xuéxí Hànyǔ, zhè shì wǒ zìjǐ xuǎnzé de dàolù. Rénshēng de dàolù shàng kěndìng huì yù dào gèzhǒng gèyàng de kùnnan, yàoshi yí yù dào kùnnan jiù tuìsuō, zěnme kěnéng qǔdé chénggōng ne? Wǒ juédìng jiānchí xià qù. Lǎoshī yě cháng gǔlì wǒ shuō: Jiānchí jiù shì shènglì.

Wǒ de mèngxiǎng shì dāng yí ge Hànyǔ lǎoshī, bù xué hǎo Hànyǔ zěnme néng dāng Hànyǔ lǎoshī ne?

Xiǎng dào zhèr, jiù juéde zìjǐ hěn kěxiào, dōu shíbā suì le, yǐjīng bú shì xiǎo háizi le, wèishénme yí yù dào kùnnan jiù kū ne? Wèishénme bù néng jiānqiáng yìxiē ne?

Wǒ xīn zhōng yòu chàng qǐ le zhè shǒu gē: Bù jīnglì fēngyǔ, zěnme jiàn cǎihóng? Méiyǒu rén néng suísuíbiànbiàn chénggōng. Shì a, yào chénggōng, jiù bìxū fùchū jiānkǔ de nǔlì.

Translation

(一) Ideal

The year I graduated from middle school, I didn't know which university to apply to or what major to study. Once I watched a movie with a friend - it was about Chinese culture and very interesting. At that time I thought, how about studying Chinese and becoming a translator in the future? When my mother learned of my idea, she strongly approved. Just like that, I got into the Chinese department of a university.

During the summer vacation of my third year at university, I came to China for the first time and studied at Beijing Language and Culture University for four weeks. After finishing, I traveled for a month to some famous scenic areas in China. Only then did I realize that I knew too little about China.

Because my Chinese wasn't good, I encountered many difficulties during the journey. But every time I met difficulties, I received help from kind-hearted people.

Once, I took a train to Nanjing. I didn't know anything about Nanjing at all, and the train would arrive in Nanjing at night. I didn't know how to find a hotel or how to buy a train ticket to Shanghai. Looking at the map, I felt quite anxious.

A girl sitting opposite me seemed to see what was on my mind and asked me in English if I was an international student and if I needed her help. Her English was very good. I told her about the difficulties I was facing. She said, "Don't worry, I'm also getting off in Nanjing. After we get off, just follow me."

Just like that, we started chatting. She was a student at a university in Nanjing. She said, "If you'd like, I can take you to see some scenic areas in Nanjing." I said, "That would be great, of course, but wouldn't it be too much trouble for you?" She said, "It happens to be vacation now, and I have time. We can learn from each other - I'll help you practice Chinese, and you can help me practice English."

Just like that, I made my first Chinese friend.

I spent three days in Nanjing. During those three days, she practically became my tour guide, taking me to many famous places in Nanjing and helping me buy a train ticket to Shanghai. When we parted, she said, "Welcome back anytime." I said, "I'll definitely come back. I must learn Chinese well and realize my ideal of becoming a translator."

(二) To See the Rainbow

Recently, I learned a Chinese song that sounds good and is very meaningful. There's a line in the lyrics that made me think a lot. The lyric is: Without experiencing wind and rain, how can you see the rainbow? No one can succeed casually.

I've been in China for half a year already. Half a year of studying abroad has let me taste the joys and sorrows of life that I had never tasted before. For a period of time, I often cried secretly by myself, and sometimes I would fall asleep while crying. In my dreams, I dreamed of my hometown and my family there. In my dreams, I said to my parents: "Your foolish daughter has lost, has failed, and has lost confidence in both studying and herself."

My parents called me to come back home, but I thought I couldn't go back. Coming to China to study, learning Chinese - this is the path I chose myself. On life's path, there will definitely be all kinds of difficulties. If I shrink back as soon as I encounter difficulties, how could I possibly succeed? I decided to persist. My teacher also often encourages me, saying: Persistence is victory.

My dream is to become a Chinese teacher. If I don't learn Chinese well, how can I become a Chinese teacher?

Thinking of this, I felt quite ridiculous. I'm already eighteen years old, no longer a child - why do I cry as soon as I encounter difficulties? Why can't I be stronger?

In my heart, I sang this song again: Without experiencing wind and rain, how can you see the rainbow? No one can succeed casually. Yes, to succeed, one must put in hard effort.

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生词 (Shēngcí) - New Words

#	汉字	拼音	词性	英文
1	理想	lǐxiǎng	名、形	imagination or hope for the future; ideal
2	专业	zhuānyè	名、形	special field of study; professional
3	当时	dāngshí	名	at that time; then
4	赞成	zànchéng	动	to approve of; to favor; to agree
5	系	xì	名	department
6	著名	zhùmíng	形	famous; well-known
7	旅途	lǚtú	名	on a journey; during a trip
8	宾馆	bīnguǎn	名	hotel
9	地图	dìtú	名	map
10	对面	duìmiàn	名	opposite; right in front
11	好像	hǎoxiàng	副	to look as if; to seem like
12	心事	xīnshì	名	sth. weighing on one's mind; worry
13	交谈	jiāotán	动	to come in contact and talk; to chat
14	所	suǒ	量	a measure word for houses, schools, hospitals, etc.
15	简直	jiǎnzhí	副	simply; at all
16	分别	fēnbié	动	to part; to leave; to say goodbye
17	彩虹	cǎihóng	名	rainbow
18	意义	yìyì	名	significance; meaning
19	风雨	fēngyǔ	名	wind and rain; trials and hardships
20	成功	chénggōng	动、形	to succeed; successful
21	从	cóng	副	(used before a negative) ever
22	酸甜苦辣	suān-tián-kǔ-là		sour, sweet, bitter, hot; joys and sorrows of life
23	段	duàn	量	duration (of time); distance; paragraph; part
24	梦	mèng	名、动	dream; to dream
25	亲人	qīnrén	名	relative; one's family member(s)
26	女儿	nǚ'ér	名	daughter
27	失败	shībài	动	to fail
28	失去	shīqù	动	to lose; not to have any more
29	信心	xìnxīn	名	confidence; faith; belief
30	选择	xuǎnzé	动	to choose; to select
31	道路	dàolù	名	road; way
32	人生	rénshēng	名	life
33	退缩	tuìsuō	动	to shrink back; to hold back
34	取得	qǔdé	动	to get; to gain
35	鼓励	gǔlì	动	to encourage
36	梦想	mèngxiǎng	名、动	dream; to dream
37	可笑	kěxiào	形	ridiculous; absurd; funny
38	坚强	jiānqiáng	形	strong; firm
39	付出	fùchū	动	to pay; to give
40	艰苦	jiānkǔ	形	hard; difficult

专名 (Zhuānmíng) - Proper Nouns

汉字	拼音	英文
南京	Nánjīng	Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu Province

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词语用法 (Cíyǔ Yòngfǎ) - Usage

1. 一点儿 + 也/都 + 不/没……

"一点儿"表示数量很少，用在"不、没"前边表示完全否定。意思相当于"根本、完全"。

例句:

• 要去的地方是南京，可我对南京一点儿也不了解。
• 你说的这件事我一点儿都不知道。
• 虽然在国内学过汉语，可是刚来时，我一点儿也听不懂中国人说的话。

2. 当然 (dāngrán) - certainly; it goes without saying

"当然"表肯定，不必怀疑。可以在动词前，也可以在主语前。还可以单用或回答问题。

例句:

• 我说："这样当然好，不过，会不会太麻烦你了？"
• 能考上理想的大学当然好，但是考不上也不要太难过。
• 我读的是中文系，当然希望有机会去中国留学。
• A：你也想去桂林旅行吗? B：当然。

3. 不过 (búguò) - but; however

"不过"表转折，"但是"的语气轻。放在后半句前边，多于口语。

例句:

• 我说："这样当然好，不过，会不会太麻烦你了？"
• 房间不大，不过一个人够住了。
• 他好像和我在一个班学习过，不过我忘了他叫什么名字。
• 这一课的生词比较多，不过都不难。

4. 简直 (jiǎnzhí) - simply; at all

"简直"在动词前作状语，强调完全是这样或差不多是这样。带有夸张的语气。

例句:

• 这三天里，她简直成了我的导游，带我去了南京很多有名的地方。
• 他说的是什么？我简直一点儿也听不懂。
• 她汉语说得简直跟中国人一样，真让人羡慕。
• 我当时还小，什么事也不懂，简直是个小傻瓜。

5. 从 (cóng) - ever (从来)

副词"从"意思是"从来"，表示从过去到现在都是这样。用在否定词前面。

例句:

• 半年的留学生活让我尝到了以前从没有尝过的酸甜苦辣。
• 我从来不吸烟。
• 我以前从没来过中国，这是第一次。

6. 偷偷(儿) (tōutōur) - secretly

表示行动不让别人知道。放在动词或形容词前作状语。

例句:

• 有一段时间我常常一个人偷偷地哭，有时哭着哭着就睡着了。
• 他看大家不注意，就偷偷儿离开了。
• 一天，她偷偷儿把一封信放在了我的书包里。

7. "动词+着" + "动词+着"……

"动词+着"重叠使，表示一个动作正在进行时，另一个动作接着发生。

例句:

• 有一段时间我常常一个人偷偷儿地哭，有时哭着哭着就睡着了。
• 她说着说着突然笑了起来。
• 晚上睡得太晚，早上起得早，上课的时候，常常听着听着就困了。

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练习 (Liànxí) - Exercises

语音 (Phonetics)

辨音辨调 (Distinguish the pronunciations and tones)

词组1	拼音	词组2	拼音
专业	zhuānyè	转业	zhuǎnyè
著名	zhùmíng	出名	chūmíng
心事	xīnshì	新诗	xīnshī
当然	dāngrán	坦然	tǎnrán
兼职	jiānzhí	简直	jiǎnzhí
人参	rénshēn	人生	rénshēng
可能	kěnéng	核能	hénéng
鼓励	gǔlì	孤立	gūlì

朗读名言:

• 书到用时方恨少，事非经过不知难。 (Shū dào yòng shí fāng hèn shǎo, shì fēi jīngguò bù zhī nán.)
• 不到长城非好汉。 (Bú dào Chángchéng fēi hǎohàn.)
• 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 (Shàozhuàng bù nǔlì, lǎodà tú shāngbēi.)

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回答课文问题

1. "我"为什么要学习中文？你呢?
2. "我"第一次来中国是什么时候？来做什么?
3. "我"在旅途中遇到了什么困难？是谁帮助了"我"？
4. "我"为什么还要来中国？"我"的理想是什么？你呢?
5. "我"学会了一首什么歌？你听过这首歌吗？
6. "我"来中国多长时间了？"我"为什么常常一个人偷偷地哭？你来中国以后哭过吗？为什么？
7. "我"为什么要坚持下去？为什么觉得自己很可笑？

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交际会话 (Communication) - 请教(2)

A: 老师，我想请教一下儿，怎样才能更快地提高汉语水平呢？

B: 你将来打算做什么工作？

A: 我想当翻译。

B: 好啊。不过要当翻译，除了汉语能力，还需要掌握很多文化知识。

A: 我知道，当翻译很不容易。我感到最缺的也是文化知识。我的汉语也还不行，特别是读写，困难很大。您让我们写日记或周记，我也想写，可是，坐在电脑前，想半天也不知道该写什么。

B: 我想主要是读的书少，脑子里没有多少词。

A: 是！那我应该读些什么书呢？

B: 真想当翻译的话，我建议你给自己做一个读书计划，并下决心去完成它。多读书，不但可以提高读和写的能力，还能掌握很多文化知识，对将来当翻译肯定有用。

A: 我试试吧。谢谢老师！